Приключения эльфо-зайки продолжаются. Делал перерыв, поскольку вов придушил, но теперь с новыми силами я готов наконец брать хай-лвл!
Думаю через пару часов я уже отправлюсь в Легион, ну а пока добиваем Дренор, потом ещё будет поход за Пеплом Ал'ара, я буду так счастлив если мне выпадет этот прекрасный феникс! Хоть в новых локах я уже и не могу летать.
Хм, а на 100 я же уже смогу пройти ЦЛК на непобедимого? Я бы и за ним сгонял заодно, хоть это и затуп на 100 лет, скорее-всего.
Помогла клану Северных волков отбить Хребет Ледяного Огня от Железной орды. Ну а опыта за квест конечно отвалили безумное количество, я почти 1 уровень поднял на этом квесте.
>>219670551А, да нет, я вполне наслаждаюсь прокачкой. Щас особенно после пары дней перерыва прям очень свежо качается, даже в дреноре который на первый взгляд показался душным. Мне просто все эти орочьи темы не особо заходят, а тут одни орки.
Сразили очередного рарника, которые в дреноре на каждом шагу. Ну и опыта за них вроде не дают, я так понимаю они тут для каждого игрока индивидуально стоят? Или их просто очень много и никто не хочет их бить? Хотя пока писал этот пост рарник отреспался, видимо им просто кулдаун респа сделали как у обычного моба, вот они и стоят на каждом шагу.ДАБЫЧА
https://www.twitch.tv/chaim1337/Стримлю вовес классик вечерами. Надеюсь анон не закидает ссаными тряпками в тематическом то треде
Показала Ушлым колдунам что случается с теми, кто недооценивает мощь Син'Дорай и Орды. Заодно и всех их порталы им переломала, чтоб неповадно было!
100 уровень! Ураа! До актуала осталась жалкая 10 уровней, ну а пока Легион! То-есть, сначала я сбегаю за пеплом, ну а что? Авось выпадет!
Официальная пиратка в своём репертуаре, полетели распорядителем полётов и прям сквозь гору. Орочье шаманство, не иначе!
Нашла останки погибшего война посреди ледяной пустыни, а на нём редкий магический артефактСтоит ли менять? С одной стороны мне нравится способность этого Аксессуара, да и 80 итем левелов разница. С другой стороны менять 20 силы на 35 искусности? Такое себе, наверное.
Keith Edwards is a retired television journalist who spent most of his career anchoring the evening newscasts on WPTA-TV, the ABC television affiliate in Fort Wayne, Indiana.CareerKeith began his career in 1976 as a weather man at WJRT-TV in Flint, Michigan.[1] In 1978, he moved to WEYI as news director/anchor. Then in early 1980, he worked at KRDO-TV in Colorado Springs, CO as a news director/anchor.In September 1983, Keith accepted the main anchor position at WPTA. At one point at the ABC affiliate, he wrote a cookbook called "Cooking With Keith." The book contained over 100 exciting recipes. Proceeds from the sale of the book went to the International Rett Syndrome Association. He also took part of an Emmy Award winning WPTA-TV documentary, "Scared Straight Revisited."Keith Edwards is involved in the community in a number of ways with public speaking engagements throughout the year at schools and business functions.He incorporated a business, Erie Islands Spice Company, in September, 2007.His real last name is Vautherot.Keith Edwards anchored his last newscast at WPTA on December 27, 2007.[2]Keith Edwards began writing a weblog, "Keith Edwards' View," in January, 2008.As Keith M. Vautherot, he is currently the Executive Vice President of the Northeast Indiana Association of Realtors, headquartered in Kendallville, Indiana.References
Salvatore Bellomo (June 18, 1951 – February 9, 2019) was a Belgian professional wrestler with a career spanning more than three decades.Contents1 Career1.1 World Wrestling Federation (1983–1987)1.2 Eastern Championship Wrestling (1993–1994)2 Later life3 Death4 Championships and accomplishments5 References6 External linksCareerWorking in North America under various ring names of Italian derivation, Bellomo started out portraying a mild-mannered, clean-cut fan favorite with respectable technical wrestling skill. In later years, Bellomo would portray a wildman in the ring, thought to be unpredictable and/or brutal by wrestling audiences. The list of titles he held over the years includes the NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship to the WXW Heavyweight Championship.World Wrestling Federation (1983–1987)Bellomo's in-ring work landed him a stint in the World Wrestling Federation, who put him over the likes of Johnny Rodz, Tony Colon and Butcher Vachon. He wrestled former heavyweight champion Bob Backlund at the Philadelphia Spectrum on August 4, 1984, jobbing to Backlund in the latter's last WWF match of the decade.[3] Bellomo was otherwise a jobber on WWF programming through the mid-1980s, including a clean loss to Bobby "The Brain" Heenan in a match at Madison Square Garden in November 1984.[4] During one Piper's Pit segment, Bellomo made an "unscheduled" appearance, inspiring host Rowdy Roddy Piper to quip, "What are you doing here? I didn't order a pizza."[citation needed]Eastern Championship Wrestling (1993–1994)Bellomo was an early performer for NWA Eastern Championship Wrestling in 1993, wrestling in the first-ever ECW Championship match (losing to Jimmy Snuka). His final matches came at the May 13, 1994 TV tapings, winning over Don E. Allen and Billy Firehawk.Later lifeAlthough retiring at BWS: Collision Detected on November 25, 2006, Bellomo continued to be active in the business up to his death, working as a trainer for the Belgian Wrestling School located in Terhagen and Flémalle (Belgium). He often tried to send his kids home with his trademarked expression of saying "Cha Cha!".DeathOn February 9, 2019, the cousin of Bellomo's wife tweeted that Bellomo had died from cancer. He was 67.[5]Championships and accomplishmentsNWA All-Star WrestlingNWA Canadian Tag Team Championship (Vancouver version) (2 times) - with Mike Sharpe (1) and Bill Cody (1)NWA Pacific Coast Heavyweight Championship (Vancouver version) (1 time)NWA Hollywood WrestlingNWA Americas Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Victor RiveraPro Wrestling IllustratedRaned No. 276 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 1992World Xtreme WrestlingWXW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)WXW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with The Mad RussianReferences "Extreme Retrospective: ECW Hardcore TV #8 - New ECW tag champs, Snuka defends TV Title". WWENetworkNews.com. December 5, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2018. Shields, Brian; Sullivan, Kevin (2009). WWE Encyclopedia. DK. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-7566-4190-0. Cawthon, Graham (2013). The History of Professional Wrestling: Vol. 1: WWF 1963–1989. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 461. ISBN 978-1-4928-2597-5. Cawthon, Graham (2013). The History of Professional Wrestling: Vol. 1: WWF 1963–1989. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 480. ISBN 978-1-4928-2597-5. Former WWF and ECW Star Salvatore Bellomo Passes Away at 67
Lakshmikanta Roy Choudhury, sometimes spelled as Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury (লক্ষ্মীকান্ত রায় চৌধুরী), also known as Ray Lakshmikanta Gangopadhyaya Majumdar Chowdhury, 1570–1649, was a medieval Brahmin scholar who received tax-free jaigirdari of eight parganas on the eastern bank of river Hoogly, including the land in and around Kolkata as Gurudakshina in 1608 from the Mugal Emperor Jehangir through Raja Man Singh, along with titles of Ray and Choudhuri. He was the 22nd descendant of the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family. The name of Laksmikanta and the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family is an integral part of the history of Kolkata.[1][2]Contents1 Early life2 Career3 Raja Man Singh4 Laksmikanta's contribution5 Laksmikanta's descendants6 ReferencesEarly lifeLakshmikanta Roy Choudhury's father, Jiya Gangopadhyay (1535–1620), was a famous classical Sanskrit scholar of Halisahar and who later came to be known as Saint Kamadeva Brahmachari. He was a Vidya Bachaspati. Jiya married a pious and charming lady named Padmabati Devi. They could not have children and were advised to pray before the Goddess Kalishetra (Kalighat) for Her blessings. They performed penance at Kalighat under the guidance of Thakur Atmaram Brahmachari, a renowned saint, the temple's chief priest, and a Divine Oracle. Padmabati gave birth to a boy on the day of Kojagori Laksmi puja in January 1570. Padmabati died shortly after giving birth. The child was named Laksmikanta.Jiya, grieving for Padmabati, decided to renounce the worldly life and become an ascetic. He left the child with Thakur Atmaram Brahmachari. He was consecrated as Kamadeva Brahmachari and left for Varanasi.Laksmikanta grew up at Kalishetra, under the guidance and utmost care of the family Gurudev Thakur Atmaram Brahmachari and soon became a scholar of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian languages. He was also a warrior.[3]CareerAt the age of 21 in the year 1591, Raja Basanta Ray of Jessore Estate (one of the Baro Bhumiyas created by Emperor Akbar) with fatherly affection took Laksmikanta with him to Jessore and made him join at the work of the estate as the Revenue Minister. Pratapaditya, the nephew of Raja Basanta Ray and Laksmikanta working hand in hand, made Jessore one of the most prosperous estates.However, Pratapaditya who was so much loved by Emperor Akbar, suddenly after the death of his father Vikramaditya, became a tyrant[4] and declared independence from the Mughal empire. Laksmikanta protested and tried to resist this unethical decision and treason[5] with the Mughal Emperor. Pratap didn’t pay any heed to Laksmikanta’s words. Very soon, out of high ambition Pratap murdered his uncle Raja Basanta Ray at Raigarh fort on the bank of river Hooghly near Kolkata.[6]Being a pious Brahmin and an affectionate of Raja Basanta Ray, Laksmikanta couldn’t tolerate Pratapaditya anymore. He resigned from his services and came back to his birthplace Kalishetra and engaged himself in meditation.[7]Raja Man SinghEmperor Akbar became sad with the turn of events in Jessore Estate and sent troops to suppress Pratap's rebellion. But for the next few years, every time the Mughal army failed to teach Pratap any lesson. After the death of Akbar in 1605, Emperor Jahangir sent Raja Man Singh to Bengal on the next expedition.Raja Man Singh was a disciple of Kamadeva Brahmachari and while marching with a strong troop to Bengal, he met his Guru at Varanasi to seek his blessings. Kamadeva Brahmachari was also very much concerned about the tyrant Pratap and the ongoing anarchy in Bengal. He blessed Man Singh and asked him to restore peace in Bengal.Man Singh ultimately was successful and he defeated Pratap. Then he met his Guru's son Laksmikanta at Kalishetra and requested him to take the charge of the administration, but Laksmikanta declined as he had become frustrated with politics and intrigues. Man Singh was determined that it was only Laksmikanta who with his knowledge and wisdom, could bring Bengal once again into the path of peace and prosperity. He then granted tax free jaigir of eight parganas, land extending on the east bank of river Hooghly, from Halisahar in the north to Diamond Harbour in the south to Laksmikanta as Gurudakshina.[8] He also conferred upon Laksmikanta the titles of Ray and Choudhury.[9][10] Emperor Jahangir was pleased with the fact that Laksmikanta had ultimately accepted the charges of administration, and the Emperor was confident that soon, peace and prosperity would be restored in South Bengal. The Emperor gifted Laksmikanta a diamond ring in appreciation. It's worth mentioning that both the Mughal and the Sabarna family had friendly ties since the days of Emperor Humayun. Laksmikanta's great grandfather Panchanan Gangopadhyay alias Panchu Shakti Khan was among the closest associates of Humayun.[11]Laksmikanta's contributionLaksmikanta remained the administrator of his jaigir from 1608–1649 until his death. Within this time, Laksmikanta with his indomitable energy and wisdom developed the land into a highly civilized society with all sorts of infrastructural and economic development. He developed Sutaluti into an international trading post through which the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the Armenians used to trade mostly cotton yarn and other commodities. He built the first pucca road from Halisahar to Barisha and a two storied Kuchery Bari (office building) in Kalikatah, the exact place where the Writer's Building stands today. He introduced the very first Saparivara Durga Puja in autumn at Barisha in 1610. He also fought with Devibara, the head of the Hindu Samaj and banned polygamy in his dominion.[12] Laksmikanta was undoubtedly the first social reformer of Kolkata.[13] He donated 595 bighas of land to Mother Goddess of Kalighat and developed the place into a great pilgrimage site.[14]Atul Krishna Ray in his book Laksmikanta – A Chapter in the Social History of Bengal published in 1928, comments "It should be remembered that much of the land thus bestowed upon Laksmikanta was an uninhabited jungle and unculturable waste. Laksmikanta converted the whole of the area by his own indomitable energy, unflagging industry and unrivalled sagacity into habitable and culturable land and fetched thousands of people belonging to different caste, creed and profession to settle there upon.People who have some knowledge of the difficulties of reclaiming waste lands will understand the enormous cost, labour, industry, intelligence and attention to details which the reclamation of the total area within Laksmikanta's jagir and zamindaris must have entailed upon him. As the result of hard strenuous work spread over half a century, Laksmikanta managed to raise the comparatively small income of his landed properties to something over twelve lakhs of rupees per annum. He was recognised as one of the greatest Bhumiyas of Bengal and was loved and honoured by all."[15]Laksmikanta's descendantsAfter Laksmikanta's death, his descendants, better known as the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family[16], carried on his unfinished work and proved to be a zamindar family to whom welfare of the subjects was of highest priority. Some of his famous descendants include Swami Jogananda (one of the important disciples of Ramakrishna and Sarada Devi[17] and Pronob Roy[18] (The Wizard of Bengali Lyrics).[19] Still today, his family members (settled at Halisahar, Barisha, Uttarpara, Belgharia-Panihati-Nimta-Birati and also scattered all over the world including Bangladesh, having more than 20000 in strength) are engaged in social and cultural developmental work.The family members have created a family organization by the name Sabarna Roy Choudhury Paribar Parishad in 1996–97 to carry on the different developmental works and upholding the family traditions along with research, historical study, and publishing.The Parishad along with nine intellectuals of the city, which included renowned historians Dr. Bratindranath Mukherjee, Radharaman Ray, and Prof. Sudhindra Banerjee; eminent doctor Sri Subir Dutta; advocate Dipak Sen; Smt. Uma Devi, Smt. Sapna Roy, Smt. Chhanda Basak, and Smt. Sanchita Dutta, all lecturers of Barisha Vivekananda Mahila College, filed a Public Interest Litigation in 2001 asking the Honorable Calcutta High Court to determine whether the British trader Job Charnock is the founder of Kolkata, and if 24 August is the City's birthday. on 16 May 2003, based upon a high level expert committee report, the division bench of the Chief Justice Ashoke Kumar Mathur and Justice Jayanta Biswas declared that "neither Job Charnock can be regarded as the founder of Calcutta nor 24 August is the city's birthday". The myth of Job Charnock was thus exposed and the people of Kolkata ultimately came to know about the true history and the origin of the city. This is indeed a milestone achieved by the Sabarna Parishad.[20][21][22][23]The Sabarna Sangrahashala at Barisha is a unique family museum that has been developed by Sabarna Roy Choudhury Paribar Parishad in 2005 to conserve, protect, and upheld the rich history, culture, and traditions of the family and also to create awareness among students and common people about the history and heritage of the land. The International History and Heritage Exhibition[24], held every year in the month of February at Sabarna Sangrahashala, showcase the history of the family, the city, and the evolution of the Bengali society through ages.[25][26][27][28]
David Courtney Boyle, born 1958, is a British author and journalist who writes mainly about history and new ideas in economics, money, business, and culture. He lives in Steyning in West Sussex. He conducted an independent review for the Treasury and the Cabinet Office on public demand for choice in public services which reported in 2013.[1] He is co-founder and policy director of Radix, which he characterized in 2017 as a radical centrist think tank.[2] He is also co-director of the mutual think tank New Weather Institute.Contents1 Writing2 Other work3 Bibliography4 References5 External linksWritingHis book Authenticity put the phenomenon on the business and political agenda.[3] His previous books The Tyranny of Numbers and The Sum of Our Discontent predicted and fermented the backlash against target culture. Funny Money helped launched the time banks movement in the UK.[4] More recently, his writing has suggested why organisations and public services can be ineffective. He worked with the New Economics Foundation and NESTA on a series of publications about coproduction. His solutions are also published in The Human Element. This argues that organisations have abandoned human skills in favour of numerical targets or IT systems, which frustrate the business of building relationships and making things happen.[citation needed] He helped to launch the popular campaign against the failures of the Southern Rail franchise with his book Cancelled!, and his experimental 'passenger strike' in 2017.[5]His history books usually have a business or economic dimension, including Blondel's Song (UK) and The Troubadour's Song (USA) about the imprisonment and ransom of Richard the Lionheart. His 2008 book Toward the Setting Sun tells the intertwined story of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot and Amerigo Vespucci and their race for America in the 1490s. His 2010 book, Eminent Corporations (with Andrew Simms) has introduced a new genre, the mini-corporate biography, launching the idea of corporate history as tragedy. His 2013 book Broke argued that the middle classes were also being squeezed by the political and economic elite.[6]He has been the editor of several non-peer-reviewed journals including New Economics and Town & Country Planning. He is a fellow of the New Economics Foundation.He was editor of the weekly Liberal Democrat News from 1992–1998. He edited the Foundation's publications New Economics, News from the New Economy, and then Radical Economics from 1987–2010.[7]Other workHe has been involved with developing coproduction and introducing time banks to Britain as part of public service reform, developing the idea of coproduction with the innovation agency Nesta. He has been involved in the Clone Town Britain campaign and writes about the future of volunteering, cities and business.Boyle helped found the London Time Bank, and was co-founder of Time Banking UK. He has been a candidate for Parliament of the United Kingdom, and sat on the federal policy committee of the Liberal Democrats from 1998-2012. He was Lib Dem Blogger of the Year 2013.BibliographyBuilding Futures, 1989What is New Economics?, 1993Alternative Identities, Alternative Currencies, 1999Funny Money: In search of alternative cash, 1999 (ISBN 0-00-653067-2)The Sum of Our Discontent, 2001The Tyranny of Numbers, 2001 ISBN 0-00-653199-7The Little Money Book, 2003 (ISBN 1-901970-51-5)The Money Changers: Currency Reform from Aristotle to e-cash, 2003Numbers, 2004 (ISBN 0-9543959-2-1)Authenticity: Brands, Fakes, Spin and the Lust for Real Life, 2004 (ISBN 0-00-717964-2)The Troubadour's Song: The Capture and Ransom of Richard the Lionheart, 2005 (ISBN 0-670-91486-X)Blondel's Song: The Capture, Imprisonment and Ransom of Richard the Lionheart, 2005 (ISBN 978-0-141-01597-2)Leaves the World to Darkness 2007 (ISBN 978-0-9552263-0-4)Toward the Setting Sun: Columbus, Cabot and Vespucci and the Race for America 2008 (ISBN 978-0-8027-1651-4)Co-production: A manifesto for growing the core economy 2008 (ISBN 978-1-904882-32-9)The New Economics: A Bigger Picture with Andrew Simms (2009) Routledge ISBN 978-1844076758[8]Money Matters (2009) ISBN 978-1-906136-20-8The Wizard (2010) ISBN 978-0-9552263-1-1Eminent Corporations with Andrew Simms (2010) ISBN 978-1849010498Voyages of Discovery (2011) ISBN 9780500289594The Human Element: Ten new rules to kickstart our failing organizations 2011 (ISBN 978-1849714495)Broke: Who Killed the Middle Classes? (2013) Fourth Estate ISBN 978-0007491032The Age to Come. Authenticity, Postmodernism and How to Survive What Comes Next (2013)How to be English Square Peg (2015) 978-0224100977Alan Turing: Unlocking the Enigma Endeavour Press/Real Press (2015) 978-1500985370
The Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) is a National Research Institute for space and allied sciences, supported mainly by Department of Space, Government of India. This research laboratory has ongoing research programmes in astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences and aeronomy, Earth sciences, Solar System studies and theoretical physics.[1] It manages the Udaipur Solar Observatory and is located in Ahmedabad.Known as the cradle of space sciences in India, the Physical Research Laboratory was founded on 11 November 1947[2] by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. The laboratory had a modest beginning at his residence, with research on cosmic rays.The institute was formally established at the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad, with support from the Karmkshetra Educational Foundation and the Ahmedabad Education Society. Prof. Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan was the first Director of the institute. The initial focus was research on cosmic rays and the properties of the upper atmosphere. Research areas were expanded to include theoretical physics and radio physics later with grants from the Atomic Energy Commission.Today[when?] PRL is involved in research, related to five major fields of science. PRL is also instrumental in the PLANEX planetary science and exploration programme.In June 2018, PRL scientists discovered exoplanet EPIC 211945201b or K2-236b, located 600 light years away from the Earth.[3]The building of the PRL was designed by Achyut Kanvinde in 1962.[4]Contents1 Research2 Academics3 National awards4 Scientific milestones5 ReferencesResearchDr. Vikram Sarabhai, the Laboratory's founder.PRL research encompasses astrophysics, Solar System and cosmic radiation.Astronomy and astrophysics: Current research programmes include studies on star formation, evolution of intermediate mass stars, photometric and polarimetric studies of active galaxies and BL Lac objects and high angular resolution studies by lunar occultations, study on circumstellar structure. The astronomical observations are taken through a 1.2 m telescope that is located in Mount Abu. The laboratory has also undertaken solar photospheric and chromospheric studies under the Global Oscillations Network Group project at Udaipur Solar Observatory. A 12 ft SPAR telescope is being used in this project.Planetary sciences and Planex:study of planetary sciences and explorationPlanetary atmospheres and aeronomy: The institute has been recently investigating the electric and magnetic fields, plasma instabilities and the dynamics of the upper atmosphere are being carried out by elegant radio, optical and plasma diagnostic techniques. The role of trace gases in the chemical and radiative properties of the Earth's atmosphere and their impact on climate, ionization and electrodynamical parameters of the middle atmosphere are a few of the topics which are also being studied.Earth sciences: Studies that are particularly related to geochronology, geochemistry, glaciology, oceanography and palaeoclimatology are carried out in this institute. Isotope geology is one of the most researched subjects.Theoretical physics: Current research programmes include neutrino physics, physics beyond standard model, standard and non-standard CP violation, Fermion masses, super-symmetry, baryogenesis, phenomenology of higher-dimensional theories, QCD and quark gluon plasma, colour superconductivity, chiral symmetry breaking, study of quantum chaos in nuclear energy levels, group theoretical models and nuclear structures, study of atomic Rydberg states, stark spectroscopy of atomic levels, stability analysis of synchronised structures in coupled map networks.Quantum optics and quantum information: Production and characterisation of entangled states, cavity QED, realisation of quantum gates and networks, storage and retrieval of quantum information, subluminal and superluminal propagation of light, dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates and cold Fermions, non-commutative field theory, solitons, optical resonators and optical fibres are currently studied theoretically. Experimental study of optical vortices is also pursued.AcademicsThe Physical Research Laboratory holds various seminars and public lectures. It has a workshop, computer centre, library and various other laboratories. It also offers a five-year doctoral programme in physics, with specialisations in theoretical physics and complex systems, outer space and atmospheric sciences, quantum optics and quantum information, astronomy and astrophysics (infrared, sub-mm and radio astronomy, Solar physics, planetary and geosciences). The admission is through a written test and interview.National awardsThe research institution offers national awards to scientists who have made outstanding contributions in the field of science and technology. The awards presented are:Hari Om Ashram Prerit Senior Scientist AwardHari Om Ashram Prerit Vikram Sarabhai Research Awards, andPRL AwardAayushi awardScientific milestones1950s : Cosmic rays, atmospheric sciences1960s : Theoretical physics, radio physics1970s : Earth and planetary sciences infrared astronomy1980s : Particle physics, Solar physics1990s : Laser physics and quantum optics, non-linear dynamics and computational physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology2000s : Quantum information, solar X-ray astronomy, submillimeter astronomy, planetary exploration2010s : Exoplanet detection
The Myotonic or Tennessee Fainting is an American breed of meat goat. It is characterised by myotonia congenita, a hereditary condition which may cause it to stiffen or fall over when startled.[1]:396[2] It may also be known as the Fainting, Falling , Stiff-legged or Nervous goat, or as the Tennessee Wooden Leg.[3]:28[4] Four goats of this type were brought to Tennessee in the 1880s.[5]Myotonic goats tend to be less preferred for sustainable meat production.[6]Contents1 History2 Characteristics2.1 Body2.2 Head2.3 Personality2.4 Coat3 Cause of "fainting" and additional information3.1 Relief of symptoms3.1.1 Materials and methods4 In humans4.1 Molecular basis5 Origin of fainting goats6 Johne's Disease6.1 Diagnosis7 Meat production8 Preserving the species9 ReferencesHistoryThe myotonic goat is important in history for researching and clarifying the role of chloride in muscle excitation.[7]Fainting goats were first brought to Marshall County, Tennessee, in the 1880s.[1]:396[8][9]The fainting was first described in scientific literature in 1904, and described as a "congenital myotonia" in 1939.[10] The mutation in the goat gene that causes this muscle stiffness was discovered in 1996, several years after the equivalent gene had been discovered in humans and mice.[10]The experiments of Brown and Harvey in 1939 with the myotonic goat made a major contribution to the understanding of the physiological basis of this condition and influenced many other theories of myotonia and its causes.[4]In 2019 its conservation status was listed as "at risk" in the DAD-IS database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.[11]CharacteristicsBodyMyotonic goats vary heavily in their characteristics in comparison to other goat breeds, and they possess certain traits that other goat breeds do not.[12] Distinctly, their head and body formation tends to be different.[12] Myotonic goats have a wide body, and a heavier mass.[12] The muscle condition of the myotonic goats usually leads to an increased muscle mass with a broader build.[12] Slightly smaller than standard breeds of the goat, fainting goats are generally 43 cm (17 in) to 64 cm (25 in) tall and can weigh anywhere from 27 kg (60 lb) to 79 kg (174 lb).[12] Males, or billies, as they are often referred to, can be as heavy as 90 kg (200 lb).[12] Broadness is shown throughout the back and shoulders, due to muscle density.[12]HeadThey have large, prominent eyes in high sockets that tend to protrude, and are fairly distinct features.[12] They are sometimes called "bug-eyed" for this feature.[12] The heads tend to be medium length with a broad muzzle.[12] Jaws tend to be broad as well, and distinct.[12] The face is usually straight or convex.[12] The ears tend to be normal-sized, and closer to the face.[12] The ears also exhibit a ripple half-way down the length of the ear.[12] The horns tend to run large and have 1-2 inches between.[12] The neck tends to be muscle dense and more round than dairy breads.[12] The skin on many male's necks is wrinkled and thick.[12] The neck can also run horizontally and therefore, the head can be lower.[12]PersonalityMyotonic goats are vigilant animals that are quieter than other goat breeds.[12] Other important differential characteristics of the myotonic goat include very teachable/trainable, stiffness, high quality adaptation to low-input farm land and foraging, and cross-breeding creating hybrids leading to physical strength and good health.[12]CoatTheir hair can be short or long, with certain individuals producing a great deal of cashmere during colder months.[12] Coats can demonstrate any color or pattern.[12]Cause of "fainting" and additional informationMyotonia congenita is caused by an inherited disorder of a chloride channel in the muscles of the skeleton (skeletal muscle chloride channel 1, CLCN1).[13] Congenital myotonia can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait (with incomplete penetrance) or a recessive trait, resulting in the varying severity of the condition.[14][15] In affected goats, the CLCN1 gene contains a missense mutation; the amino acid alanine is replaced with a proline residue.[15] This small change causes the chloride channel in the muscle fibres to have a reduced conductance of chloride ions.[16] This missense mutation occurs in a sequence of seven amino acids that are included in a group of closely related channels including that of humans and rats.[14] This causes a delay in the relaxation of the muscles after the goat has made an involuntary movement.[13] After stimulation, in myotonia congenita there is an increased tendency of the muscle fibers to respond with repetitive action potentials and after discharges.[17] It has been shown that the increased muscle excitability is largely accounted for by the lack of chloride permeability in these fibers.[17] Myotonia congenita is also characterized by a significant increase in the fast isomyosins in each muscle type.[17] The muscle fibers of the myotonic goat were found to be highly (electrically) resistive, corresponding to the blocking of chloride conductance.[4] In a study, normal goat muscle fibers could be made myotonic by blocking the chloride conductance using myotonia inducing drugs, or by substituting in an anion that is unable to pass through a semi-permeable membrane.[4]Isolated intercostal muscle from goats with the condition was shown to be significantly different than that of normal goats in terms of the temperature dependence of the resting membrane resistance and potassium efflux.[18] These differences help to explain increases in the severity of myotonia in the whole animal that occurs upon decreasing the temperature of the involved muscles.[18]It has been observed that there are no abnormalities in percussion responses or stiffness during the first 14 days of a newborn goat’s life.[4] The first percussion responses were observed during days 18-143, and the stiffening and/or falling begins to occur during days 20-173.[4]Relief of symptomsAlthough there is no known treatment for myotonia congenita, in a study testing the effect of hydration on myotonia in goats, it was found that upon depriving goats of water, the myotonic symptoms disappeared within 3 days and returned fully within 2–3 days of water being provided.[19] Previous studies have also reported that taurine, an amino sulphonic acid, when given to myotonic patients can reduce the symptoms of the condition.[20] However, it has been shown that it neither antagonizes the condition, nor prevents it.[20]Materials and methodsIn order to study myotonia in goats, researchers relied on the isolation of RNA protein.[17] Samples of skeletal muscles and tissue were collected from a normal goat as a control group, and a myotonic goat.[17] The diseased goat in the study showed severe myotonia, demonstrating muscle relaxation issues and severe fainting episodes.[17] They then used a Northern Blot Analysis[21] in which the total RNA was transferred to a nylon membrane and physically explored with antisense RNA probe transcribed from a human.[17] What followed was isolation and cloning of the goat in which cDNA was formulated from myotonic goat skeletal muscle.[17] cDNA synthesis was conducted with a random or gene-specific primer.[17] Products were identified, sub-cloned into plasmids, and sequenced.[17] Next followed the Single-Strand Conformational Analysis, where synthesis was provoked from normal or myotonic goat skeletal muscle.[17] Then they performed mutagenesis and functional expression, where plasmid constructs were transcribed and expressed.[17] The voltages were assessed between -145 mV and +35 mV.[17] Using the Northern Blot Analysis[21], they verified that the fainting episodes are caused by decreased chloride production in the muscle cell membrane.[17]In humansThe myotonic goat is very similar to the condition in humans which is known as congenital myotonia.[4] They are similar in the way that both the human and the goat are not typically consumed by the condition and can more or less lead perfectly normal lives.[4] Similar to goats, in humans the condition is described as a chloride channel disorder known for delayed muscle relaxation, and also caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene.[22] Also, like the goats, it can range from mild to severe.[22] In an experiment with humans using muscle biopsy, after Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining with diastase digestion, there was PAS positive material within myotonic goat fibers.[23]Molecular basisFrom the study above, it was found that a change in the nucleotide sequence caused a proline substitution for alanine residue in the carboxyl terminus of the goat's chloride channel.[14] A goat demonstrating the disease had a +47 mV shift in the channel activation, which created less open chloride channels located near the rested membrane of the skeletal muscles, which demonstrates a molecular basis- decreased chloride production in the myotonic muscles.[14]Origin of fainting goatsMost all myotonic goats seem to come from an origin in Tennessee, in the 1880s.[5] White and Plaskett reported seeing these goats in five counties in Tennessee- Marshall, Giles, Lawrence, Maury, and Coffee.[5] There were also goats in Texas that were brought over from Giles county in Tennessee, solely for a farmer who claimed to know of the goats existence to prove it as fact to his neighbors.[5] The goats were unable to jump over normal sized fences, and found holes in the ground to crawl underneath the fences, similar to a hog.[5] This unusual behavior made the goats more desirable in this era, as many farmers used stone walls for fences, therefore containing their goats.[5] In Marshall country, there was also a buck goat brought over from Canada.[5] The A. & M. College in Texas owned a zoo during 1926-1927 in which a myotonic goat was presented.[5] Dr. White (in a letter to the author) stated that in the summer of 1929 in Egypt, he witnessed several fainting goats between the Suez Canal and the Palestine border.[5] He also stated that he shipped some of the goats from Tennessee to a professor by the name of Nagel, at the Nervous Disease Institute in Germany for studies.[5]The myotonic goat is important in history for researching and clarifying the role of chloride in muscle excitation.[14]The fainting was first described in scientific literature in 1904, and described as a "congenital myotonia" in 1939.[24] The mutation in the goat gene that causes this muscle stiffness was discovered in 1996, several years after the equivalent gene had been discovered in humans and mice.[24] However, the tendency of goats to spasm has been attested to as early as the Hippocratic Corpus, where analogies are drawn from the phenomenon to human illness.[25]The experiments of Brown and Harvey in 1939 with the myotonic goat made a major contribution to the understanding of the physiological basis of this condition and influenced many other theories of myotonia and its causes.[4]Johne's DiseaseJohne's disease is a serious disease which is more prevalent in myotonic goats than other breeds.[12] Johne's disease is a bacterial disease that causes parts of the body to progressively become weaker.[12] It tends to occur in middle-aged goats.[12] Causes for this disease tend to be rotting teeth, Caseous Lymphadenitis, and tumors.[12] The disease is typically spread from a mother to her offspring, with the most likely time being right after birth.[12] The infection is typically widepread in the udder, which is how the offspring get exposure to the disease.[12] The bacteria are found in parasite larvae, which can greatly increase spreading of the disease.[12] Myotonic goats are also susceptible to the disease through foraging in soil, as the bacteria can last in soil from one up to two years.[12] The best way to contain and prevent this disease is to quickly diagnose the problem to take the proper measures.[12]DiagnosisDiagnosis is best done by the AGID test or the ELISA test, which tests the goats positive or negative for the disease.[12] The AGID test tends to be more specific, and nearly all goats that are positive for the disease tend to come up as positive.[12] Fecal culturing is another option, but takes longer and the cost tends to be high.[12]
DeQuan Jones (born June 20, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Pallacanestro Trieste of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for the University of Miami.Contents1 High school career2 College career3 Professional career3.1 Orlando Magic (2012–2013)3.2 Reno Bighorns (2013–2014)3.3 Pallacanestro Cantù (2014–2015)3.4 Chiba Jets Funabashi (2015–2016)3.5 Lille Métropole (2016–2017)3.6 Fort Wayne Mad Ants (2017–2018)3.7 Anhui Dragons (2018)3.8 Hapoel Holon (2018–2019)3.9 Pallacanestro Trieste (2019–present)4 Career statistics4.1 NBA4.1.1 Regular season4.2 College5 Personal6 References7 External linksHigh school careerJones attended Joseph Wheeler High School in Marietta, Georgia. He averaged 15.2 points, 6.7 rebounds and 4.0 blocks per game as a senior en route to Class 5-A Player of the Year honors by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and Northwest Player of the Year accolades. He helped Wildcats finish 30-3 with a No. 18 national ranking by USA Today; they advanced to the state title game, where the Wildcats lost by just three points.[1]College careerJones with Miami, 2010In his four-year Hurricane career, Jones appeared in 111 games and started in 35, recording 508 points, 268 rebounds, 53 assists, 52 steals and 51 blocks. On November 25, 2009, he recorded a career high 16 points against Florida Gulf Coast.[1]On December 20, 2011, Jones received approval to return to competition after he sat out the season's first 10 games because of an NCAA investigation into recruiting allegations.[2] On March 29, 2012, he participated in the 24th Annual State Farm College Slam Dunk and Three-Point Contest at the Final Four.[3]Professional careerOrlando Magic (2012–2013)After going undrafted in the 2012 NBA draft, Jones joined the Orlando Magic for the 2012 NBA Summer League. On September 29, 2012, he signed with the Magic.[4] On March 27, 2013, he scored a season-high 13 points on 6-of-9 shooting in a 108–114 loss to the Charlotte Bobcats.[5]In July 2013, Jones re-joined the Orlando Magic for the 2013 NBA Summer League. On September 29, 2013, he signed with the Sacramento Kings.[6] However, he was later waived by the Kings on October 15, 2013 after appearing in one preseason game.[7]Reno Bighorns (2013–2014)In November 2013, he was acquired by the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player.[8]Pallacanestro Cantù (2014–2015)In July 2014, Jones joined the Indiana Pacers for the Orlando Summer League[9] and the New Orleans Pelicans for the Las Vegas Summer League. On July 27, he signed a one-year deal with Pallacanestro Cantù of the Lega Basket Serie A.[10] On January 8, 2015, he was named a participant in the 2015 Serie A All-Star Weekend Slam Dunk Contest.[11] He was also named to the "Named Sport Team" for the BEKO All-Star Game held on January 17, going on to score 26 points to help Named Sport defeat the "Dolomiti Energia Team", 146–143.[12][13] In 35 league games for Cantù in 2014–15, he averaged 8.2 points and 3.3 rebounds per game. He also averaged 8.2 points and 4.3 rebounds in 17 Eurocup games.[14]Chiba Jets Funabashi (2015–2016)On September 25, 2015, Jones signed with the Atlanta Hawks.[15] However, he was later waived by the Hawks on October 24 after appearing in four preseason games.[16] On November 29, he signed with the Chiba Jets of the Japanese NBL.[17]Lille Métropole (2016–2017)On September 15, 2016, Jones was included in the roster of Lille Métropole of the LNB Pro B.[18]Fort Wayne Mad Ants (2017–2018)On September 7, 2017, Jones signed with the Indiana Pacers of the NBA, on a training camp deal.[19] He was waived on October 14 as one of the team’s final preseason roster cuts.[20] He played the season with the Pacers' NBA G League affiliate, the Fort Wayne Mad Ants and won the G Leagues' Most Improved Player award.[21]Anhui Dragons (2018)On May 5, 2018, Jones signed with Anhui Dragons of the Chinese NBL.[22]Hapoel Holon (2018–2019)On July 31, 2018, Jones joined the Israeli team Hapoel Holon, signing a one-year deal with an option for another one.[23] On October 20, 2018, Jones recorded a season-high 29 point, shooting 11-of-15 from the field, along with four rebounds and two blocks in a 108–102 overtime win over Hapoel Eilat.[24] In 52 games played during the 2018–19 season, he averaged 12.4 points, 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game, shooting 40.1 percent from three-point range.Pallacanestro Trieste (2019–present)On August 12, 2019, Jones returned to Italy for a second stint, signing with Pallacanestro Trieste for the 2019–20 season.[25]Career statisticsLegend GP Games played GS Games started MPG Minutes per game FG% Field goal percentage 3P% 3-point field goal percentage FT% Free throw percentage RPG Rebounds per game APG Assists per game SPG Steals per game BPG Blocks per game PPG Points per game Bold Career highNBARegular seasonYear Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG2012–13 Orlando 63 17 12.7 .436 .257 .667 1.7 .3 .3 .3 3.7Career 63 17 12.7 .436 .257 .667 1.7 .3 .3 .3 3.7CollegeYear Team GP GS MPG FG% 3P% FT% RPG APG SPG BPG PPG2008–09 Miami 32 3 11.0 .337 .077 .633 1.7 .5 .3 .4 2.72009–10 Miami 28 20 16.6 .533 .231 .667 2.5 .5 .5 .6 5.72010–11 Miami 28 10 13.9 .419 .083 .611 2.5 .5 .5 .4 4.52011–12 Miami 23 2 17.3 .451 .250 .620 3.6 .4 .6 .5 5.9
Care Bears: Welcome to Care-a-Lot, or simply known as Welcome to Care-a-Lot, is an American/Canadian CGI adventure musical animated TV series which is based on the "Care Bears" franchise in honor of their 30th anniversary.[1] It is produced by American Greetings Properties. Unlike its previous predecessor "Care Bears" shows, this is AG's first CGI animated "Care Bears" TV series, though several films in the franchise had been released in the format. The series premiered on June 2, 2012 on the Hub Network in the United States. Previews of each new episode were released weekly on an official channel on YouTube, along with occasional music video or other promotional releases.The series lasted one extended 26-episode season before its network underwent a rebranding. Following the rebranding of The Hub as Discovery Family in the Fall of 2014, Netflix commissioned a continuation of Welcome to Care-a-Lot titled Care Bears & Cousins, which premiered November 6, 2015. The new series continues the story of the cast of Welcome to Care-a-Lot and introduces four new series regulars, the titular cousins Brave Heart Lion, Bright Heart Raccoon, Lotsa Heart Elephant and Cozy Heart Penguin. As of 2016, Care Bears merchandise features Welcome to Care-a-Lot characters, as well as Care Bears & Cousins branding, as featured in Just Play's range of toys and plush. The second season of Care Bears & Cousins premiered on Netflix in 2017.Contents1 Synopsis2 Characters2.1 Main Care Bears2.2 Other Care Bears2.3 Other Care-a-Lot Residents2.4 Care Kids3 Episodes4 Movie5 Cast5.1 Additional voice cast6 Crew7 Toyline8 Reception9 References10 External linksSynopsisSet in Care-a-Lot, a magical land in the clouds, Tenderheart Bear, Cheer Bear, Grumpy Bear, Share Bear, Harmony Bear, Funshine Bear and new playful, curious cub Wonderheart Bear all go on adventures that emphasize messages of caring and sharing. Human children from Earth often visit Care-a-Lot and participate in new adventures and valuable lessons learned. The Care Bears' mischievous frenemy King Beastly often attempts to make trouble for the bears.CharactersMain Care BearsTenderheart Bear (voiced by David Lodge) – Tenderheart is the eldest and wisest of the Care Bears. Whether it's advice or understanding, a hug or a nudge, he knows just what kids need to help them share their feelings. His belly badge is perfect for the job: a red heart. The de facto leader of the Care Bears, he was granted the power of teleportation by the Great Giving Bear during the Great Giving Festival. He is Wonderheart Bear's uncle.Cheer Bear (voiced by Patty Mattson) – Cheer is the happiest bear in Care-a-Lot. The resident cheerleader, she often displays a go-for-it attitude, makes up encouraging cheers right on the spot, and spreads joy among all who know her. When not helping her friends, she can often be found tending her garden. Her belly badge is a rainbow. She was once a member of the team, "Bear Power".Funshine Bear (voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas) – Having fun is Funshine's number one thing. He is active, athletic and competitive when it comes to sports, cycling, skating, surfing, hiking and hang gliding. Nothing makes him happier than hanging out with friends or going on wild adventures. He makes the brightest of his days with sunny optimism and a flair for being fearless. His belly badge reflects this spirit: a smiling, shining sun. He was a member of the team, "Bear Power," and also won the Care Bearathon once.Grumpy Bear (voiced by Doug Erholtz) – His sardonic and often sarcastic attitude usually gives way to his caring nature and heart, not unlike the rain cloud and heart shaped raindrops that make up his belly badge. Grumpy likes to remind kids who are having a bad day that they're always loved. He is a master builder and mechanic. He was once a member of the team, "Bear Power," is a sports fan who enjoys watching the "Honey Bowl," and is a big eater.Harmony Bear (voiced by Nayo Wallace) – Harmony sings, acts, and plays every instrument. Behind her sassy, sometimes diva-like exterior is a natural leader who is all about encouraging others to do their best, especially through music. Her belly badge depicts a single flower with different colored petals. It has the power to magically fix broken instruments and can also alert her of someone in trouble from a distance. She was once a member of the team "Bear Power".Share Bear (voiced by Stephanie Sheh) – If Share has it, she'll share it with anyone. Carefree and loving, Share is happiest whenever she's with her friends, serving tea or baking. Her belly badge depicts two crossed heart-shaped lollipops. She has a penchant for baking treats. She lives in a tree house in the Forest of Feelings.Wonderheart Bear (voiced by Michaela Dean) – Although the one of the youngest Care Bears, Wonderheart always want to take part in "big bear" adventures. She's playfully curious and never short on questions. Her belly badge features a heart within hearts motif, though she doesn't initially know its full power. She is often seen carrying a stuffed bunny named Floppy Bunny and is sometimes referred to by the nickname "Little Wonder." Wonderheart was the first all-new character created for Welcome to Care-a-Lot.Other Care BearsAmigo Bear (voiced by Mark Mercado) – A bear with orange fur who speaks in Spanglish and runs his own chili shack. His belly badge features an Aztec sun.Baby Hugs Bear & Baby Tugs Bear (voiced by Olivia Hack and Stephanie Sheh) – Two cubs who are younger than Wonderheart and obtain their belly badge powers before her. Hugs is magenta, and Tugs is light blue. They are members of the Cub Bouts, the junior division of the Belly Badge Bouts. Unlike earlier incarnations of the franchise, Tugs' belly badge now features a red heart inside a yellow star, while Hugs' has a yellow star inside a pink heart.Bashful Heart Bear – The shyest of all Care Bears, he is sometimes seen in the background of episodes. He has sea green fur and a belly badge with a heart peeking out from behind a cloud with a rainbow extending outward.Bedtime Bear (voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas) – A bear who is active at night, but sleepy during the day. He appeared for the first time in a full speaking role in "Over Bearing". He visits Wonderheart Bear at night to help her sleep and performs a duet about sleep with Harmony Bear.Best Friend Bear (voiced by Olivia Hack) – A purple bear whose belly badge features a rainbow linking a star to a heart. She is part of a Belly Badge Bouts team in competition with Cheer, Funshine, Grumpy, Harmony and Share.Birthday Bear (voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas) – A bear who likes to celebrate birthdays, his belly badge depicts a cupcake with a candle on top.Champ Bear (voiced by Doug Erholtz) – An athletic bear who excels at every sport. Similar to, and often in friendly competition with Funshine Bear, he competes in the annual competition in "Shunshine." A real sports star, his belly badge is a trophy adorned with a star. Though he's great at every sport he plays, he's even better at teaching others that you always win when you're a good sport!Friend Bear – An orange bear with two crossed sunflowers on her belly badge.Good Luck Bear (voiced by Peter Anderson, one of the show's producers) – A Care Bear that has an Irish accent. He is green and has a four leaf clover belly badge. His belly badge gives him the power to provide good luck to others, if only they can capture his attention. He is part of a Belly Badge Bouts team in competition with Cheer, Funshine, Grumpy, Harmony and Share. He was once a member of the team, "Bear-a-Lots".Grams Bear (voiced by Jennifer Darling) – A grandmother Care Bear first seen in the original Care Bears series, she is now turquoise rather than her traditional lavender-gray. She speaks with a stereotypical southern U.S. regional dialect and accent. Her belly badge, a rose tied with a yellow ribbon, has the power to restore other belly badges that are temporarily out of commission. Grams wears small glasses on the end of her nose, a pink shawl with yellow hearts around her shoulders and walks with a cane. She once helped Tenderheart Bear and is instrumental in finally unlocking Wonderheart's belly badge power.Great Giving Bear (voiced by David Lodge) – A Care Bear who is the Care-a-Lot equivalent of Santa Claus; he gives gifts to anyone in Care-a-Lot who cares. His belly badge features a gift box with a heart inside. He has the ability to teleport and teaches it to Tenderheart.Hopeful Heart Bear – A pink bear with a pink heart encircled by multicolored rays of light on her belly badge.Laugh-a-Lot Bear (voiced by Stephanie Sheh) – A bear who enjoys laughter and making others laugh, her belly badge depicts a giggling star. She has been seen only in a brief speaking role to date. She was once a member of the team, "Bear-a-Lots".Love-a-Lot Bear (voiced by Nayo Wallace) – A pink bear who enjoys sharing love, her belly badge is two overlapping hearts – one red and one pink. She is part of a Belly Badge Bouts team in competition with Cheer, Funshine, Grumpy, Harmony and Share. Once a member of the team, "Bear-a-Lots".Secret Bear (voiced by Stephanie Sheh) – A care bear who's known for keeping secrets. She usually whispers when she speaks. She is magenta colored, and has a heart-shaped lock belly badge. A naturally good listener, Secret Bear is a loyal friend who will guard your secret with care.Shiver Me Timbear (voiced by David Lodge) – A legendary pirate captain who is one of Tenderheart's Care Bear ancestors – he even looks like Tenderheart. His belly badge features a heart and crossbones.Surprise Bear (voiced by Melissa Mable) – An amethyst violet bear with a belly badge depicting a star popping out of a heart-stamped jack-in-the-box, she is mentioned briefly by Grumpy Bear before making a background cameo.Sweet Dreams Bear (voiced by Olivia Hack) – A bear with a Southern American accent and deep purple fur, about the same hue as Harmony Bear's in the series (though her fur was temporarily depicted as pale purple in merchandise during 2015). She has the power to send down sweet dreams one by one to each Care Bear using her belly badge – a pink crescent moon nestled inside a cloud with a heart on it, which takes the form of a rainbow ray attached to a crescent moon. Her power can be drained by a naturally occurring phenomenon known as the "plainbow," but can be restored using other Care Bears's belly badge powers. Despite her special gift, she believes that all dreams, good or bad, are a natural part of the dreamscape. Her character was introduced in the previous series, Adventures in Care-a-Lot.Thanks-a-Lot Bear (voiced by Melissa Mable) – A care bear who is thankful for anything. Her catchphrase is "Thanks a lot!" and is sometimes said sarcastically. She is ocean blue, and has a belly badge with a star riding on a rainbow.Wish Bear (voiced by Melissa Mable) – A bear who enjoys making and granting wishes, her belly badge is a smiling, shooting starbuddy. She is part of a Belly Badge Bouts team in competition with Cheer, Funshine, Grumpy, Harmony and Share. She was once a member of the team, "Bear-a-Lots".Other Care-a-Lot ResidentsKing Beastly (voiced by Doug Erholtz) – A mischievous and arrogant beast who wears a crown, he likes to cause trouble in Care-a-Lot, but has natural talent if allowed to shine.Beasties (voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas and Doug Erholtz) – Beastly's two minions.Care KidsPenny (voiced by Katherine Shepler) – A girl who loves high speed.Phoebe (voiced by Isabella Briscoe) – A shy girl with a talent for singing.Clem (voiced by Sean-Ryan Petersen) – A boy with anger issues, summoned to Care-a-Lot by Beastly.Hayden (voiced by Elle Labadie) – A young girl with an interest in baking. Loyal to Share Bear, she will keep quiet even if it means taking the blame for a friend's bad behavior. It is later revealed that she has a twin who is identical in appearance, though hardly identical in personality.Jayden (voiced by Katherine Shepler) – A twin of Hayden, she seems to be somewhat more sporty and is at times competitive with Hayden.Zack (voiced by Mason Malina) – A boy who is into extreme sports; he visits Care-a-Lot to compete in an annual competition.Riley (voiced by Katherine Shepler) – A girl who made things up.Olivia (voiced by Zoe Miner) – A girl who sometimes has trouble finding her courage.Joy (voiced by Rachel Albrecht) – A girl who is sad when her best friend moves away; she swears off friendship, but the Care Bears help her by empathizing with her feelings.Susan (voiced by Sami Staitman) – A girl with blonde hair who enjoys playing video games, but finds that work can be satisfying when she actually puts forth the effort.Kaylee (voiced by Olivia Hack) – A girl who moved to a new school from Hawaii. She plays the ukulele, but is being bullied by a girl named Madison.Madison (voiced by Chiara Zanni) – A girl who plays the guitar. When Kaylee joined her class in her school, she started bullying her because she felt jealous and felt that she had stolen her spotlight by playing the ukulele. Madison's voice actress, Chiara Zanni, was Wish Bear in the previous Care Bears series, Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-LotPeter (voiced by Sam Adler) – A boy who is known to always follow rules and who lives by the guidelines of a written rule book. When he arrives in Care-a-Lot, Funshine Bear and Grumpy Bear encourage him to cut loose and he becomes a rebellious spirit with the declared intent of breaking all of Care-a-Lot's rules. After getting into a troubling situation, he learns an important lesson.Aiden (voiced by Colin Depaula) – A boy who uses a wheelchair because his legs haven't worked since birth. He enjoys a variety of sporting activities and loves trying out new ones. He prefers for anyone who might have questions about him or his wheelchair to simply ask, rather than avoid him or keep silent.Isabella (voiced by Katherine Shepler) – A young girl who has issues with responsibility, and only learns about its importance by helping Wonderheart.Ethan (voiced by Sean-Ryan Petersen) – A Show child who arrives with the intent of helping with the Great Giving day pageant, but ends up causing rebellion and turning it into a one person show about himself.Hannah (voiced by Sami Staitman) – A girl who knows a lot about camping, but is scared of actually doing it herself, for a number of reasons. She eventually earns an honorary Care Camping stamp.EpisodesNo. Title Original air date1 "Compassion – NOT" June 2, 2012Grumpy Bear's quest for forbidden honey leads to him being trapped
The Australian Tri-Series refers to the one day international (ODI) cricket tournament held in Australia, and contested by Australia and two touring teams. The series is played during the height of the Australian cricket season, in the summer months of December, January and February. The series has been the primary format for international one-day cricket throughout most of the history of ODI cricket in Australia. The tri-series was first held in 1979–80 and was contested every season until 2007–08. It has since been held twice, in the 2011–12 season,[1] and again in the 2014–15 season, prior to the World Cup and then the format was switched to Twenty20 International (T20I) format for the first time in the 2017–18 season with Australia, New Zealand and England competing.Contents1 History2 Results2.1 Tournament results by season3 Notable moments in the Australian Tri-Series4 Notes and references5 External linksHistoryThe concept of a three-team international series known as a 'tri-series' in cricket originated with the World Series Cricket program sponsored by Kerry Packer. Packer was keen to exploit what he saw as strong interest in ODI cricket, and staged long tri-series amongst teams from Australia, West Indies, and The Rest of the World in the 1977–78 and 1978–79 seasons. These tournaments have never been awarded either One Day International or List A status.When the World Series Cricket schism ended in 1979–80, the tri-series format was retained. Throughout its existence, the tournament was held as a series of One Day Internationals, featuring a round-robin played amongst the three teams, followed by a finals series played between the top two. The most common format over the years was that each team played each other four times in the round-robin, followed by a final decided by a best-of-three series (with the third match played only if necessary), for a total of fourteen or fifteen ODIs played through the summer.The basic format has been unchanged throughout the tri-series' history, but specific details have varied:From 1980–81 to 1985–86, and in 1998–99, each team played the others five times during the round robinIn 1980–81 and 1981–82, the finals series was best of fiveIn 1994–95 only, a quadrangular series featuring two touring sides, Australia and Australia A was played; each team played the others twice during the round robin, followed by a best-of-three finals series. Matches played against Australia A are considered List A matches, but not as official One Day Internationals.In 2004–05 only, each team played the others only three times during the round robinIn 2014–15 only, each team played the others only twice during the round robin with a solitary finalOver its duration, the series has taken on several mostly commercial names:Benson & Hedges World Series Cup (1979–80 to 1987–88)Benson & Hedges World Series (1988–89 to 1995–96)New laws limiting tobacco advertising in Australia forced the name to change after 1995–96Carlton and United Series (1996–97 to 1999–2000)Carlton Series (2000–01)Victoria Bitter Series (2001–02 to 2005–06, 2015/16 to 2016/17)Commonwealth Bank Series (2006–07 to 2012–13)Carlton Mid Series (2013–14 to 2014/15)Gillette T20 International Series (2017/18 to present)After the 2007–08 season, the tri-series format was abandoned. For three seasons (2008–09 until 2010–11), Australia still played ODIs against two touring teams, but these were staged as separate ODI series against a single opponent. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia was still the naming rights sponsor of ODI cricket in Australia during these summers, so all series were still known as the Commonwealth Bank Series during this time.The tri-series format returned in the 2011–12 season, but according to the ICC Future Tours Programme, this will not herald a permanent return to the format. A shortened tri-series of only seven matches (six round-robin matches and a final) was played in the 2014–15 season in the lead-up to the 2015 World Cup in Australia. All series that Australia is scheduled to host up to the 2019–20 season will be played against a single opponent.[2]ResultsPlayed mostly during a strong era for Australian cricket, Australia won twenty of the thirty-one tri-series played up to 2014–15. Australia failed to reach the finals on only three occasions. West Indies, who featured in the series frequently during the 1980s, was the next most successful team, winning six tournaments. Other international teams to win the tri-series were England (twice), India, Pakistan and South Africa (once each).AUS vs IND Victoria Bitter Series 2003–04 at the MCGTournament results by seasonSeason Winner Runner-up Third Fourth1979–80 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies England England Australia Australia Most Runs: Viv Richards West Indies – 485, Most Wickets: Dennis Lillee Australia – 201980–81 Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand India India Most Runs: Greg Chappell Australia – 686, Most Wickets: Dennis Lillee Australia – 251981–82 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Most Runs: Viv Richards West Indies – 536, Most Wickets: Joel Garner West Indies – 241982–83 Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand England England Most Runs: David Gower England – 563, Most Wickets: Ian Botham England – 171983–84 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Most Runs: Kepler Wessels Australia – 495, Most Wickets: Michael Holding West Indies – 231984–85 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Viv Richards West Indies – 651, Most Wickets: Joel Garner, Michael Holding West Indies – 161985–86 Australia Australia India India New Zealand New Zealand Most Runs: David Boon Australia – 418, Most Wickets: Kapil Dev India – 201986–87 England England Australia Australia West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Most Runs: Dean Jones Australia – 396, Most Wickets: Phillip DeFreitas England – 171987–88 Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Dean Jones Australia – 461, Most Wickets: Tony Dodemaide West Indies – 181988–89 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Most Runs: Desmond Haynes West Indies – 563, Most Wickets: Curtly Ambrose West Indies – 211989–90 Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Dean Jones Australia – 461, Most Wickets: Simon O'Donnell Australia – 201990–91 Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand England England Most Runs: Dean Jones Australia – 513, Most Wickets: Chris Pringle New Zealand – 181991–92 Australia Australia India India West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Most Runs: David Boon Australia – 432, Most Wickets: Craig McDermott Australia – 211992–93 West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan Most Runs: Brian Lara West Indies – 331, Most Wickets: Curtly Ambrose WI – 181993–94 Australia Australia South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand Most Runs: Mark Waugh Australia – 395, Most Wickets: Shane Warne AUS – 201994–95 Australia Australia Australia Australia A England England Zimbabwe ZimbabweMost Runs: David Boon Australia – 384, Most Wickets: Glenn McGrath Australia – 181995–96 Australia Australia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Most Runs: Mark Taylor Australia – 423, Most Wickets: Ottis Gibson WI –1996–97[3] Pakistan Pakistan West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Australia Australia Most Runs: Brian Lara West Indies – 424, Most Wickets: Shane Warne Australia – 191997–98[4] Australia Australia South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand Most Runs: Ricky Ponting Australia – 462, Most Wickets: Allan Donald South Africa – 171998–99[5] Australia Australia England England Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Mark Waugh Australia – 542, Most Wickets: Glenn McGrath Australia – 271999–2000[6] Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan India India Most Runs: Ricky Ponting Australia – 404, Most Wickets: Glenn McGrath Australia – 192000–01[7] Australia Australia West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Most Runs: Mark Waugh Australia – 542, Most Wickets: Shane Warne Australia – 192001–02[8] South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia Most Runs: Jonty Rhodes South Africa – 345, Most Wickets: Shane Bond New Zealand – 212002–03[9] Australia Australia England England Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Nick Knight England – 461, Most Wickets: Brett Lee Australia – 182003–04[10] Australia Australia India India Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Most Runs: Adam Gilchrist Australia – 498, Most Wickets: Irfan Pathan India – 162004–05[11] Australia Australia Pakistan Pakistan West Indies Cricket Board West Indies Most Runs: Michael Clarke Australia – 411, Most Wickets: Brett Lee Australia – 162005–06[12] Australia Australia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka South Africa South Africa Most Runs: Kumar Sangakkara Sri Lanka – 469, Most Wickets: Nathan Bracken Australia – 172006–07[13] England England Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Most Runs: Ricky Ponting Australia – 445, Most Wickets: Glenn McGrath Australia – 132007–08[14] India India Australia Australia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Most Runs: Gautam Gambhir India – 440, Most Wickets: Nathan Bracken Australia – 212011–12[15] Australia Australia Sri Lanka Sri Lanka India India Most Runs: Tillakaratne Dilshan Sri Lanka – 514, Most Wickets: Lasith Malinga SL – 182014–15 Australia Australia England England India India Most Runs: Ian Bell England – 247, Most Wickets: Mitchell Starc Australia – 122017–18 Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand England England Most Runs: Glenn Maxwell Australia - 233, Most Wickets: Andrew Tye Australia - 10Notable moments in the Australian Tri-Series1979–80 – The match on 27 November 1979 between Australia and West Indies in Sydney was the first official One Day International to be played at night. Like the tri-series concept itself, night matches were a World Series Cricket initiative that was adopted into ODI cricket. For this season, the red ball was used and white pads were worn for matches in Adelaide and Brisbane and Melbourne, and the white ball was used and coloured pads worn for matches in Sydney.1979–80 – England defeated West Indies by two runs in Sydney when, with the West Indies requiring three runs to win from the final ball of the match, England captain Mike Brearley pushed all of his fieldsmen, including the wicket-keeper, back to the boundary. ODI rules were changed to incorporate fielding restrictions to prevent any repeat of this incident.1980–81 – In the third final, with New Zealand needing six runs from the final ball to tie the match, Australian captain Greg Chappell ordered his younger brother, Trevor to bowl the ball underarm along the ground. This was one of cricket's most controversial moments of all time. ODI laws were changed so that any ball delivered underarm would be called a no-ball and a dead ball.1981–82 – In the final qualifying match, Australia defeated West Indies at Sydney on run-rate after rain ended the match with the last 6.5 overs remaining. The next morning, Melbourne's The Age newspaper alleged the West Indies had deliberately lost the match to ensure Australia qualified for the finals ahead of Pakistan, meaning the Australian Cricket Board would receive $800,000 in extra gate takings. West Indies captain Clive Lloyd, who had withdrawn from the match due to illness, subsequently won a libel action and $100,000 in damages from The Age.1982–83 – New Zealand breaks the world record for the highest successful run chase in an ODI, scoring 297–6 to surpass England's 296–5 in Adelaide. The record stood until 1992.[16]1982–83 – In the second final at Melbourne versus Australia, New Zealander Lance Cairns scored the then World record fastest ODI fifty off 21 balls, hitting 6 sixes. This is the still currently the fastest 50 in Australian Tri-Series matches.[17]1983–84 – The first ever tied One-day International took place in the second final at the MCG between Australia and West Indies, after Carl Rackemann was run out attempting the winning run.1984–85 – West Indies were the first team to go through the qualifying round unbeaten by winning all 10 matches. Although they lost the first match v Australia, they came back from behind to win the finals series 2–1.[18]
Husqvarna 1900, later Carl Gustaf 1900, is a bolt action rifle developed in Sweden in the 1960s by Husqvarna Vapenfabrik, which also produced the rifle from 1967 to 1970.[1] The rifle was produced in the variants Standard, Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo Lux and a sport model, and got a reputation for having a very high quality.[1] In 1970 the department producing the rifle was sold to Förenade Fabriksverken (FFV), and the production was moved to Carl Gustafs Gevärsfaktori in Eskilstuna without large changes. Production in Eskilstuna was ended in 1979.Contents1 Copies2 Technical2.1 Stock2.2 Action2.3 Barrel2.4 Trigger3 Carl Gustaf 20004 See also5 ReferencesCopiesIt has been claimed that the factory towards the end of the 1970s was instructed to reduce costs, resulting in parts of the production being moved to subcontractors in southern Europe.[1] The quality of the assembled firearm is then claimed to have varied a lot from year to year. After a while copies of the rifle also started appearing on the market, for example under the names "Viking 1900" and "SG 1900" (SG meansing svenskt gevär, lit. Swedish Rifle). All these were allegedly produced or assembled in the Zoli factory in Italy.[citation needed] One of these copies is still sold today under the name Antonio Zoli 1900. Antonio Zoli has since bought the design.[citation needed]TechnicalStockThe Husqvarna 1900 stock was made of walnut, and had a Monte Carlo shape. The internal magazine had a staggered feed, and the firearm safety was placed on the side.ActionThe action was made in one length only, but with four different lengths of bolt travel depending on the caliber. The bolt travel and magazine was thus fitted according to the cartridge length. These lengths were fitted to calibers such as .222/.223 Rem, .243 Win/.308 Win, 6.5×55mm and 30-06.[citation needed] Rails for mounting a scope to the receiver are available, for instance Weaver or Picatinny.BarrelThe barrel is attached to the receiver using traditional action threads. The rifle was delivered from factory in calibers such as .222 Rem, .223 Rem, .22-250, .243 Win, 6,5 × 55 mm, .270 Win, 7 mm Rem Mag, .300 Win Mag, .308 Win, .30-06 and 9.3 × 62 mm.[1]TriggerThe standard trigger was a single stage, but the rifle was also available with a set trigger.[citation needed] The trigger pull weight was set to 1500 grams from the factory.Carl Gustaf 2000Carl Gustaf CG 2000 is a successor of the CG 1900.[citation needed]Just when CG 2000 was about to be launched, Carl Gustaf received a large order from the Swedish Armed Forces for the Kulspruta 58 (ksp m/58, a licensed FN MAG copy). The civilian production of CG 2000 was therefore postponed, and Carl Gustaf instead purchased the rights to import finished and semi-finished rifles from Sauer. Sauer 80 was sold under the name Carl Gustaf 3000, while Sauer 200 was sold as Carl Gustaf 4000. The receivers were made in Germany and had house marks from Sauer. The barrel and stock was usually produced and fitted in Sweden. Some models were produced entirely in Germany. CG 3000 and CG 4000 was sold by Carl Gustaf until they decided to resume production of the model 2000 towards the end of the last century.[citation needed]There are two generations of the CG 2000, which are called MKI and MKII respectively. MKI is said to have had some recurring minor issues, like a weak bolt spring and oil on the bolt spraying towards the shooter when pulling the trigger. Both generations had a detachable single stack magazine. The trigger was made using rollers, and has received some criticism.
The Lynx Express was a long distance passenger train in the South Island of New Zealand that ran the length of the Main North Line between Picton and Christchurch. The service was operated by New Zealand Rail Limited business unit InterCity Rail.Contents1 Operation2 Accident3 See also4 References4.1 BibliographyOperationIn 1994, New Zealand Rail began The Lynx fast ferry service as part of the Interisland Line, with the 74-metre Incat catamaran HSC Condor 10 being leased for that summer from Condor Ferries. It provided a faster alternative to the conventional ferries MV Aratika and DEV Arahura.To complement the faster ferry, a passenger train from Picton to Christchurch and return was introduced. Named the Lynx Express, it debuted on Monday, 19 December 1994, and unlike the Coastal Pacific, it ran beyond Picton railway station to and from the ferry terminal.[1] The Coastal Pacific Express, connecting with the conventional ferries, ran from Christchurch to Picton and back.Two cars from the original Southerner, later used on the Northerner, were rebuilt to the same specification as the new TranzAlpine cars. They seated fifty each in seats designed for the Wairarapa Connection and Northerner/Overlander, alcove style with tables, had panoramic windows and were air conditioned.Along with these cars, the consist included the recently refurbished former Southerner, later Northerner and finally an InterCity spare buffet car with twenty four seats and tables, arranged alcove style, and a Daewoo modular former Auckland suburban van turned to power and baggage van, with a new 90kW generator.Despite the improved accommodation on the newer train as opposed to the Coastal Pacific and its faster timetable, with only two intermediate stops, at Blenheim and Kaikoura, it failed to attract sufficient revenue,[2] and when the Condor 10 returned for the summer of 1995–96, the service was not resumed.[1][2]AccidentOn 23 December 1994, just a few days after its introduction, the Picton bound Lynx Express was involved in accident at a level crossing with State Highway 1, north of Omihi. A car illegally tried to cross in front of the train and was struck, resulting in the death of one of the car's occupants. The car's driver and another occupant suffered serious injuries.[3]
St Andrew's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Redbourne, Lincolnshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building,[1] and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.[2] The church stands in the centre of the village, which is to the east of the A15 road, and some 4 miles (6 km) south of Brigg.[2][3]Contents1 History2 Architecture2.1 Exterior2.2 Interior2.3 Memorials3 External features4 See also5 ReferencesHistoryThe church dates from the 14th–15th century. Rebuilding took place in the later part of the 18th century; this included new north and south chapels in the 1770s by William and Thomas Lumby of Lincoln. The plaster ceilings date from 1775–77, and the top two stages were added to the tower in 1785. A new west door, partial rebuilding of the aisles, the chancel, and the clerestory, probably also date from this period. The south chapel was rebuilt in early 19th century as a mausoleum for the Dukes of St Albans. The church was restored in 1888 by the local architect W. W. Goodhand. The restorations included removing the gallery, reordering the seating, and the addition of a new south porch.[1] The church was declared redundant in May 1978.[4] A vestry door was inserted and east side windows were removed in about 1985.[1]ArchitectureExteriorSt Andrew's is constructed in limestone with some rendering. The nave, aisles and clerestory have lead roofs; the mausoleum, vestry and porch are slated. Its plan consists of a three-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a south porch, a single-bay chancel with a vestry and organ chamber to the north, and the mausoleum to the south, and a west tower. The tower has a rectangular staircase projection to the southeast. It is in four stages, divided by string courses, on a moulded plinth. In the bottom stage on the west side is a blocked doorway, an arched three-light window, and a square-headed two-light window. On the north and south sides are lighting slits. In the staircase turret are three slits, and a sundial. The second stage contains two-light windows, and in the third stage is a clock face on the west side. In the top stage are two-light bell openings, and the parapet is embattled. The aisles have pointed two-light windows and along the clerestory are square-headed two-light windows. In the south aisle there is a blocked doorway to the west, a blocked lancet window to the east, blocked circular windows to the east and west, and a blocked pointed south window. A carved stone dating from the 10th–11th century has been re-set in the west wall. The chancel has an east window. In the vestry are two two-light windows, and the mausoleum has a south door. All the parapets are embattled, some with crocketted pinnacles.[1]InteriorThe arcades are carried on octagonal piers. The ceilings are plastered, the nave ceiling being decorated with foliate bosses. The floors are flagged. The baluster-shaped font was made in 1775 by Richard Hayward. The east window contains painted glass by William Collins dating from about 1840. This is a copy of The Opening of the Sixth Seal (part of the Last Judgment) by Francis Danby. Also by Collins are twelve stained glass windows depicting the Apostles.[1] The organ is no longer present.[5] There is a ring of six bells. Five of these were cast in 1774 by Henry Harrison II, and the undated sixth bell is by James Harrison III.[6]MemorialsIn the north wall of the chancel is a niche containing a black marble graveslab depicting a knight and angels, and is dated 1410. On the south side of the chancel are marble wall tablets to members of the Carter family with dates in the 18th century, and to the 8th Duke of St Albans, who died in 1825, and his wife. On the north side of the chancel is a memorial to the 9th Duke of St Albans who died in 1851 by J. G. Lough, and to his wife, Harriet, who died in 1837, by Chantrey, and a memorial to Charlotte, Lady Beauclerk, dating from about 1825. In the mausoleum are two tiers of tombs of the St Albans family.[1]External featuresIn the churchyard is a gravestone dated 1737 to Rev Josias Morgan, vicar of the parish, It is listed at Grade II.[7] There are also the war graves of a soldier of World War I, and another of World War II.[8]
The 2002 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 9, 2002. Twenty teams, the top ten from each conference, qualified for the playoffs. The seventh-, eighth-, ninth-, and tenth-placed teams in each conference played best-of-three series in the qualifying round. The four winners, in addition to the other twelve teams that qualified, played best-of-five series for conference quarterfinals. The remaining 8 teams played best-of-seven series for conference semifinals and conference finals.[1] The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on June 3, 2002 with the Chicago Wolves defeating the Bridgeport Sound Tigers four games to one to win the first Calder Cup in team history.[2]Chicago's Pasi Nurminen won the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as AHL playoff MVP.[3] Teammate Rob Brown recorded 26 assists, tying an AHL playoff record.[4] The Chicago Wolves as a team also set three AHL playoff records during their Calder Cup run by playing 25 games, winning 17 games in one playoff, and winning 12 home games in one playoff.[5]Contents1 Playoff seeds1.1 Eastern Conference1.2 Western Conference2 Bracket3 Conference Qualifiers3.1 Eastern Conference3.1.1 (7) St. John's Maple Leafs vs. (10) Providence Bruins3.1.2 (8) Worcester IceCats vs. (9) Manitoba Moose3.2 Western Conference3.2.1 (7) Chicago Wolves vs. (10) Cincinnati Mighty Ducks3.2.2 (8) Philadelphia Phantoms vs. (9) Rochester Americans4 Conference Quarterfinals4.1 Eastern Conference4.1.1 (1) Bridgeport Sound Tigers vs. (9) Manitoba Moose4.1.2 (2) Lowell Lock Monsters vs. (7) St. John's Maple Leafs4.1.3 (3) Quebec Citadelles vs. (6) Hamilton Bulldogs4.1.4 (4) Hartford Wolf Pack vs. (5) Manchester Monarchs4.2 Western Conference4.2.1 (1) Syracuse Crunch vs. (8) Philadelphia Phantoms4.2.2 (2) Grand Rapids Griffins vs. (7) Chicago Wolves4.2.3 (3) Norfolk Admirals vs. (6) Hershey Bears4.2.4 (4) Houston Aeros vs. (5) Utah Grizzlies5 Conference semifinals5.1 Eastern Conference5.1.1 (1) Bridgeport Sound Tigers vs. (7) St. John's Maple Leafs5.1.2 (4) Hartford Wolf Pack vs. (6) Hamilton Bulldogs5.2 Western Conference5.2.1 (1) Syracuse Crunch vs. (7) Chicago Wolves5.2.2 (4) Houston Aeros vs. (6) Hershey Bears6 Conference finals6.1 Eastern Conference6.1.1 (1) Bridgeport Sound Tigers vs. (6) Hamilton Bulldogs6.2 Western Conference6.2.1 (4) Houston Aeros vs. (7) Chicago Wolves7 Calder Cup Final7.1 (E1) Bridgeport Sound Tigers vs. (W7) Chicago Wolves8 See also9 ReferencesPlayoff seedsAfter the 2001–02 AHL regular season, 20 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top ten teams from each conference qualified for the playoffs. The Bridgeport Sound Tigers were the Eastern Conference regular season champions as well as the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners with the best overall regular season record. The Syracuse Crunch were the Western Conference regular season champions.[6] Division champions were automatically ranked 1-3.Eastern ConferenceBridgeport Sound Tigers – East Division and Eastern Conference regular season champions; Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners, 98 pointsLowell Lock Monsters – North Division champions, 96 pointsQuebec Citadelles – Canadian Division champions, 88 pointsHartford Wolf Pack – 95 pointsManchester Monarchs – 90 pointsHamilton Bulldogs – 87 pointsSt. John's Maple Leafs – 87 pointsWorcester IceCats – 86 pointsManitoba Moose – 86 pointsProvidence Bruins – 82 pointsWestern ConferenceSyracuse Crunch – Central Division and Western Conference regular season champions, 96 pointsGrand Rapids Griffins – West Division champions, 95 pointsNorfolk Admirals – South Division champions, 92 pointsHouston Aeros – 93 pointsUtah Grizzlies – 91 pointsHershey Bears – 89 pointsChicago Wolves – 86 pointsPhiladelphia Phantoms – 86 pointsRochester Americans – 82 pointsCincinnati Mighty Ducks – 80 pointsBracketEastern Conference Qualifier 7 St. John's 2 10 Providence 0 Eastern Conference Qualifier 8 Worcester 1 9 Manitoba 2 Western Conference Qualifier 7 Chicago 2 10 Cincinnati 1 Western Conference Qualifier 8 Philadelphia 2 9 Rochester 0 Conference Quarterfinals Conference Semifinals Conference Finals Calder Cup Final 1 Bridgeport 3 1 Bridgeport 4 8 Manitoba 1 7 St. John's 0 2 Lowell 2 Eastern Conference7 St. John's 3 1 Bridgeport 4 6 Hamilton 3 3 Quebec 0 6 Hamilton 3 4 Hartford 3 4 Hartford 15 Manchester 2 6 Hamilton 4 E1 Bridgeport 1(Pairings are re-seeded after the first round.) W7 Chicago 41 Syracuse 3 1 Syracuse 38 Philadelphia 0 7 Chicago 4 2 Grand Rapids 27 Chicago 3 4 Houston 1 7 Chicago 4 3 Norfolk 1 6 Hershey 3 Western Conference4 Houston 3 4 Houston 45 Utah 2 6 Hershey 0 During the first three rounds home ice is determined by seeding number, not position on the bracket. In the Finals the team with the better regular season record has home ice.The top 6 teams in each conference receive byes to the Conference Quarterfinals. In each round, the highest remaining seed in each conference is matched against the lowest remaining seed. In the qualification round, all games are played at the arena of the higher seed. In each round the higher seed receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format for each series after the Qualification Round due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations.[7]Conference QualifiersNote 1: All times are in Eastern Time (UTC−4).Note 2: Game times in italics signify games to be played only if necessary.Note 3: Home team is listed first.Eastern Conference(7) St. John's Maple Leafs vs. (10) Providence BruinsApril 10 St. John's Maple Leafs 3 – 11 Providence Bruins April 11 St. John's Maple Leafs 4 – 12 Providence Bruins St. John's won series 2 – 0 1 – at Toronto[1]2 – at Brampton, Ontario[1](8) Worcester IceCats vs. (9) Manitoba MooseApril 9 Worcester IceCats 2 – 3 Manitoba Moose Worcester's Centrum Centre April 10 Worcester IceCats 4 – 2 Manitoba Moose Worcester's Centrum Centre April 11 Worcester IceCats 2 – 3 2OT Manitoba Moose Worcester's Centrum Centre Manitoba won series 2 – 1 Western Conference(7) Chicago Wolves vs. (10) Cincinnati Mighty DucksApril 9 Chicago Wolves 2 – 3 Cincinnati Mighty Ducks Allstate Arena April 10 Chicago Wolves 3 – 2 2OT Cincinnati Mighty Ducks Allstate Arena April 11 Chicago Wolves 3 – 2 Cincinnati Mighty Ducks Allstate Arena Chicago won series 2 – 1 (8) Philadelphia Phantoms vs. (9) Rochester AmericansApril 9 Philadelphia Phantoms 4 – 2 Rochester Americans First Union Spectrum April 11 Philadelphia Phantoms 3 – 2 Rochester Americans First Union Spectrum Philadelphia won series 2 – 0 Conference QuarterfinalsEastern Conference(1) Bridgeport Sound Tigers vs. (9) Manitoba MooseApril 14 Bridgeport Sound Tigers 5 – 0 Manitoba Moose Arena at Harbor Yard April 16 Bridgeport Sound Tigers 4 – 1 Manitoba Moose Arena at Harbor Yard April 18 Manitoba Moose 6 – 2 Bridgeport Sound Tigers Winnipeg Arena April 19 Manitoba Moose 0 – 2 Bridgeport Sound Tigers Winnipeg Arena Bridgeport won series 3 – 1
The Miss Universe Canada 2005 pageant was held on March 1, 2005. The winner represented Canada in the Miss Universe 2005 and won its second crown. The first runner-up represented Canada in Miss International 2005.Contents1 Final results1.1 Special Awards2 Official Delegates3 References4 External linksFinal resultsFinal results ContestantMiss Universe Canada 2005Ontario Toronto - Natalie Glebova1st Runner-upAlberta Alberta Province - Micaela Smith2nd Runner-upNewfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland & Labrador Province - Isabella Luís3rd Runner-upYukon Yukon Territory - Giovanna Patrick4th Runner-upManitoba Manitoba Province - Levpreet MiharTop 10British Columbia British Columbia Province - Petra AshtonNorthwest Territories Northwest Territories - Ashley MartinOntario Ontario Province - Indhira RyanQuebec Quebec Province - Gabriella BenevueBritish Columbia Vancouver - Melissa CoroTop 15New Brunswick New Brunswick Province - Victoria Al SaidNunavut Nunavut Territory - Elizabeth SmallfootSaskatchewan Saskatchewan Province - Stephanie ChinOntario South Canada - Mariana VicenteNorthwest Territories Yellowknife - Katherine O'RileySpecial AwardsAward ContestantMiss Congeniality Quebec East Canada - Laura de SantisMiss Photogenic Saskatchewan Saskatoon - Tiffany WilliamsOfficial DelegatesMeet the 33 national delegates competing for the title of Miss Universe Canada 2005:[1]Represents Contestant Age HeightAlberta Alberta Province Micaela Smith191.73 m (5 ft 8 in)British Columbia British Columbia Province Petra Ashton251.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Alberta Calgary Danielle Oscars261.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Manitoba Central Canada Desiree Alvarado211.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Helena Andrects201.65 m (5 ft 5 in)Quebec East Canada Laura de Santis201.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Alberta Edmonton Fernanda Wellington261.69 m (5 ft 7 in)New Brunswick Fredericton Amanda Fells211.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Manitoba Manitoba Province Levpreet Mihar261.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Quebec Montreal Ivy Morchtaud201.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Ontario National Capital Region Gia Washington241.72 m (5 ft 8 in)New Brunswick New Brunswick Province Victoria Al Said191.71 m (5 ft 7 in)Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland & Labrador Province Isabella Luís241.65 m (5 ft 5 in)Ontario North Canada Rachel Li221.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Northwest Territories Northwest Territories Ashley Martin261.73 m (5 ft 8 in)Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Province Argellys Palen261.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Nunavut Nunavut Territory Elizabeth Smallfoot231.69 m (5 ft 7 in)Ontario Ontario Province Indhira Ryan181.84 m (6 ft 0 in)Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Province Anna Geo241.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Quebec Quebec Province Gabriella Benevue231.65 m (5 ft 5 in)Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Province Stephanie Chin201.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Saskatchewan Saskatoon Tiffany Williams251.72 m (5 ft 8 in)Ontario South Canada Mariana Vicente191.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Ontario Southeast Canada Svetlana Popova251.80 m (5 ft 11 in)British Columbia Southwest Canada Paola Sebastian211.70 m (5 ft 7 in)Ontario Toronto Natalie Glebova231.81 m (5 ft 11 in)British Columbia Vancouver Melissa Coro181.76 m (5 ft 9 in)British Columbia West Canada Betty Thomas191.88 m (6 ft 2 in)Yukon Whitehorse Penny Vicks261.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Manitoba Winnipeg Stephanie di Lione261.66 m (5 ft 5 in)Northwest Territories Yellowknife Katherine O'Riley231.67 m (5 ft 6 in)Yukon Yukon Territory Giovanna Patrick181.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
The Illustrated Times Weekly Newspaper was a British newspaper and rival to The Illustrated London News published between 1855 and 1872. The publisher was the Fleet Street bookseller David Bogue and the editor was Henry Vizetelly.Contents1 Origins2 Success3 References4 External linksOriginsHenry Vizetelly had been part of the campaign in the 1850s for the repeal of the Stamp Act. Believing that success was imminent, he conceived of the idea of bringing out a cheap popular illustrated paper to compete with the near monopoly of Herbert Ingram's Illustrated London News with himself as editor. All the plans were laid accordingly; but the passing of the repeal bill was unexpectedly delayed. Vizetelly decided upon a bold course. His advertisements had been issued, and he did not wish to break faith with the public. Accordingly, on the day appointed (9 June 1855), the first number of the new paper duly appeared. For weeks it continued to be published without the stamp. The authorities barked loudly, but they did not bite. Vizetelly was served with a writ for a £12,000 penalty, but the proceedings were dropped.[1]SuccessThe absence of the tax stamp allowed the new paper to be published at the low price of twopence and it became a rapid success. It was well illustrated, well written, and energetically conducted. The office was at 2 Catherine Street, Strand, on a site subsequently covered by the Gaiety Theatre and Restaurant. Among the artists who worked for the paper were Julian Portch, an excellent all-round draughtsman who was especially good at battle-scenes, Edouard Monn, Gustave Doré, H. Valentine, Gustave Janet, A.J. Palmer, Kenny Meadows, Harrison Weir, G. Cruikshank, Myles Birket Foster, C.H. Bennett, and W. McConnell.[1]References "Illustrated Journalism in England: Its Development - II" by C.N. Williamson in Magazine of Art, 1890, pp. 334-40. Reproduced at victorianweb.org. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Tsuen Wan Centre (Chinese: 荃灣中心) is one of the largest private housing estates in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong, located at Tsuen King Circuit. It consists of 19 high-rise buildings, with their names of a number of Chinese cities, and a shopping arcade. It was divided into 3 phases which were completed between 1980 and 1982, and was developed by Sun Hung Kai Properties.[1][2]The 19 blocksBlock Building Name1 Kwangchow House2 Kwelin House3 Hangchow House4 Soochow House5 Anking House6 Chungking House7 Shanghai House8 Tiantsin House9 Nanking House10 Peking House11 Nanchang House12 Hangyang House13 Kweiyang House14 Chengtu House15 Kunming House16 Nanning House17 Taiyuan House18 Tsinan House19 Shenyang HouseTransport interchangeMTRTsuen Wan Line Tsuen Wan StationWest Rail Line Tsuen Wan West StationMinibuses95- Tsuen Wan Centre ↺ Hoi Kwai Road (Tsuen Wan)95M- Tsuen Wan Centre ↔ Tsuen Wan MTR StationBusesKowloon Motor Bus30- Allway Gardens ↔ Cheung Sha Wan30X- Allway Gardens ↔ Whampoa Garden39A- Tsuen Wan West Station ↺ Allway Gardens39M- Allway Gardens ↺ Tsuen Wan Station230X- Allway Gardens → Whampoa Garden (Daytime Rush Time Service)N39- Tsuen Wan MTR Station ↺ Allway Gardens (Overnight Express Bus Services)Cross harbour bus934A- Allway Gardens ↔ Wan Chai (Rush Time Service)New Territories Residents' BusNR30- Tsuen King Circuit (Allway Gardens) → Hung Hom Station (Daytime Rush Time Service)NR312- Allway Gardens ↔ Kwun Tong(Wai Yip Street) (Rush Time Service)
Baybulda is a village in Sverdlovsk region located 30 km South-South-West from urban settlement Artie. It is a part of Malokarsinsk village council. Malokarsinsk rural council is located in the South-West of the Sverdlovsk region and Artinsk district. It borders with Bashkortostan, the length of borders is 33 kilometers, from the West – with the Sverdlovsk rural council, from the North – with Zlatoust rural administration. The distance to the district center Artie is 40 km.Contents1 History2 Population and social structure3 Attractions4 Notes and references5 External linksHistorySome time age the territory belonged to Bashkiria and then to Okinsk and Novozlatoustovsk districts. In 1869 the population of the village was 172 people. Baybulda was the oldest village of Artinsk region. It was named after the first settler – Paygelde (Paybolde) – Baybulda. The village was founded in 1740 by people of Mari. Up to 1820 the aboriginal inhabitants were Bashkirians and people of Mari. The construction of a plant for the production of agricultural equipment in Artinsk begins in the 1780s.Population and social structureOn 01.01.2016, the village's population is 153 people. The number of yards is 69. Categories of population are:Working-age population 83 people;Retired 41 people;Pupils 14 people.Children of preschool age 15 people.The male working population is engaged in private part-time farming, or rotation-based work Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous districts and in Yekaterinburg. The female working population is engaged into private part-time farming, or works in social institutions, which are located in the neighboring villages. School-age children have studies at Asigulovo secondary schools. Transportation of children to school is by bus daily. There is 1 shop in the village. Mobile aid station visits the village every day.AttractionsThere are nine natural monuments on the territory of Artinsk urban; each of them has its unique importance and its unique beauty.Mountain Kashkabash (Romanov Uval) — a geological monument of nature of Federal significance, located two kilometers away from the village Kurki, on the right Bank of the river Ufa.Sabarsk landscape nature reserve — a reserved area of dark hardwood broad-leafed forests.Stone mould — a geomorphological nature monument, located on the right Bank of the river Ufa. It has an original deposition of rock conglomerates and sandstones.Berezovskaya dubrava — a botanical nature monument located near Berezovka village. It is an end point of the oak growth in Russia.Potashkinskaya dubrava — a botanical nature monument located near Potashka village. It is an end point of the oak growth in Russia.The area of growingstock — a botanical nature monument, located near Azhigulova village , in the floodplain of Ufa.Mountain feather-grass heath — a botanical nature monument located near Upper and Lower Bardym village.The area of mountain feather grass heaths — a botanical nature monument, located near Novyy Zlatoust village.The area of ginseng cultural planting – a botanical monument of nature, located in Komarovo village.
Thanos Leivaditis (also Thanos Livaditis) (Greek: Θάνος Λειβαδίτης, 1934 – 1 September 2005) was a Greek actor and screenwriter. He studied drawing at the School of Fine Arts (Σχολή Καλών Τεχνών = Scholi Kalon Technon) of the Athens Polytechnic School (at the workshop of the writer Giannis Moralis).In 1959, he finished dramatic school at the National Theatre and worked as a playwright until 1972. He played in many roles of the classical repertoire with other actors, including Katina Paxinou, Alexis Minotis, Cybele, Christoforos Nezer, Stelios Vokovits, Thanos Kotsopoulos, and Dimitris Horn.He entered the state theatre in 1959 with a play of Molière for Valerius. He played roles as Aemonas in Antigone of Sophocles, Neoptolemus of Philoctetes, Malcolm in Macbeth of Shakespeare, Oedipus Rex of Sophocles, Menoikea in Phoenicians from Euripides, etc.Thanos Leivaditis also participated in international film festivals at Théâtre des Nations (Paris) in 1962 and at the World Theatre Season (London) in 1966.He wrote 30 screenplays and played in 24 Greek film productions or movies. In these movies, he played with the unforgettable actress Mema Stathopoulou.The next phase of his career involved television, beginning in 1974 when he starred in Oi Dikaoi (which lasted three seasons). He also starred in Oi Axiopistoi in 1981, Oi Ierosili in 1983, I Vendeta in 1987, I Ekti Entoli in 1990 and I Diki in 1991. He was a screenwriter and a playwright for his roles as the judge Angelos Karnezis and the journalist Aris Martelis.He was awarded with the Corfiot Scenario Awards in 1984 for the serial Oi Ierosili.He died on 1 September 2005 in Athens at the age of 71.
Norman "Norm" J. Ornstein (/ˈɔːrnstiːn/; born October 14, 1948) is an American political scientist and resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), a Washington D.C. conservative think tank. He is the co-author (along with Thomas E. Mann) of It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided With the New Politics of Extremism.Contents1 Biography2 Works3 References4 External linksBiographyNorman Jay Ornstein was born in Grand Rapids, Minnesota[1] on October 14, 1948.[2] His father was a traveling salesman, and the family spent much of Norman's childhood in Canada. A child prodigy, Norman graduated from high school when he was only fourteen, and from college when he was just eighteen.[3] He received his BA from the University of Minnesota,[4] and subsequently received a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Michigan in 1974.[5] By the mid-1970s, he had become a professor of Political Science at Catholic University in Washington DC, and was already establishing a reputation as an expert on congress.[6]Ornstein studies American politics and is a frequent contributor to The Washington Post and many magazines, such as The Atlantic and the National Journal.[7] He wrote a weekly column for Roll Call from 1993 until April 10, 2013, and is currently co-director, along with Thomas E. Mann, of the AEI-Brookings Election Reform Project. He helped draft key parts of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, also known as the McCain-Feingold Act.[8] Ornstein is a registered Democrat,[9] but considers himself a centrist, and has voted for individuals from both parties.[10]Ornstein is a member of the Advisory Board of the Future of American Democracy Foundation,[11] a non-profit, nonpartisan foundation in partnership with Yale University Press and the Yale Center for International and Area Studies "dedicated to research and education aimed at renewing and sustaining the historic vision of American democracy".[12] He also served on the Advisory Board of the Institute for Law and Politics at the University of Minnesota Law School.[13] Ornstein is also a member of the Board of Directors of the nonpartisan election reform group Why Tuesday?. He is on the Advisory Council of the cross-partisan grassroots campaign Represent.Us,[14] where he served as a consultant in the crafting of the American Anti-Corruption Act.Ornstein is married to Judith L. Harris, a litigation attorney specializing in regulatory matters. He is a long-time friend of former U.S. Senator and comedian Al Franken.[10] A fictional version of Ornstein appears in Franken's political spoof novel Why Not Me? as the campaign manager for Franken's improbable presidential run.[15]The Matthew Harris Ornstein Memorial Foundation[16] was established by Ornstein and his wife in honor of his son who died on January 3, 2015 as the result of a tragic accident.Foreign Policy named Ornstein, along with Thomas E. Mann, one of its 2012 Top 100 Global Thinkers "for diagnosing America's political dysfunction".[17]As of 2013, Ornstein has become known for "blistering critiques of Congress", which he has been following for the past three decades.[7][18]Ornstein supports legally recognizing same-sex marriages.[19] He opposes President Donald Trump.[20]WorksOrnstein, Norman (1975). Congress in change : evolution and reform. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-10050-6. OCLC 1093142.Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (1981). The New Congress. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. ISBN 978-0-8447-3415-6. OCLC 6915350.Ornstein, Norman J.; Kohut, Andrew; McCarthy, Larry (1988). The people, the press & politics : the Times Mirror study of the American electorate. Times Mirror company. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-09358-2. OCLC 17442216.Ornstein, Norman J.; Perlman, Mark (1991). Political power and social change : the United States faces a united Europe. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press. ISBN 978-0-8447-3757-7. OCLC 23940691.Berns, Walter; Ornstein, Norman J; Diamond, Martin (1992). After the people vote : a guide to the electoral college (Rev. and enl. ed.). Washington, D.C.: AEI Press. ISBN 978-0-8447-3803-1. OCLC 24379864.Ornstein, Norman J.; Pope, Jeremy C. (1996). Campaign Finance : an Illustrated Guide. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. ISBN 978-0-8447-7108-3. OCLC 922978724.Ornstein, Norman J. (1997). Lessons and legacies : farewell addresses from the Senate. Eisenhower World Affairs Institute. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. ISBN 978-0-201-69579-3. OCLC 35686160.Ornstein, Norman J.; Mann, Thomas E. (2000). The permanent campaign and its future. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. ISBN 978-0-8447-4133-8. OCLC 70731759.Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2008). The broken branch : how Congress is failing America and how to get it back on track. Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnylands., Annenberg Public Policy Center. (2008 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536871-0. OCLC 259115054.Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's even worse than it looks : how the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03133-7. OCLC 755699560.Dionne, E. J.; Ornstein, Norman J.; Mann, Thomas E. (2017). One Nation After Trump: A Guide for the Perplexed, the Disillusioned, the Desperate, and the Not-Yet Deported. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-16405-6. OCLC 1005504853.
Step-growth polymerization refers to a type of polymerization mechanism in which bi-functional or multifunctional monomers react to form first dimers, then trimers, longer oligomers and eventually long chain polymers. Many naturally occurring and some synthetic polymers are produced by step-growth polymerization, e.g. polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, etc. Due to the nature of the polymerization mechanism, a high extent of reaction is required to achieve high molecular weight. The easiest way to visualize the mechanism of a step-growth polymerization is a group of people reaching out to hold their hands to form a human chain—each person has two hands (= reactive sites). There also is the possibility to have more than two reactive sites on a monomer: In this case branched polymers production take place.IUPAC deprecates the term step-growth polymerization and recommends use of the terms polyaddition, when the propagation steps are addition reactions and no molecules are evolved during these steps, and polycondensation when the propagation steps are condensation reactions and molecules are evolved during these steps.Contents1 Historical aspects2 Condensation polymerization3 Differences from chain-growth polymerization4 Classes of step-growth polymers4.1 Branched polymers5 Kinetics5.1 Self-catalyzed polyesterification5.2 External catalyzed polyesterification6 Molecular weight distribution in linear polymerization6.1 Probability6.2 Number fraction distribution6.3 Weight fraction distribution6.4 PDI7 Molecular weight control in linear polymerization7.1 Need for stoichiometric control7.2 Quantitative aspects8 Multi-chain polymerization9 Advances in step-growth polymers9.1 Aromatic polyether9.2 Polyethersulfone9.3 Aromatic polysulfides9.4 Aromatic polyimide9.5 Telechelic oligomer approach10 See also11 References12 External linksHistorical aspectsMost natural polymers being employed at early stage of human society are of condensation type. The synthesis of first truly synthetic polymeric material, bakelite, was announced by Leo Baekeland in 1907, through a typical step-growth polymerization fashion of phenol and formaldehyde. The pioneer of synthetic polymer science, Wallace Carothers, developed a new means of making polyesters through step-growth polymerization in 1930s as a research group leader at DuPont. It was the first reaction designed and carried out with the specific purpose of creating high molecular weight polymer molecules, as well as the first polymerization reaction whose results had been predicted beforehand by scientific theory. Carothers developed a series of mathematic equations to describe the behavior of step-growth polymerization systems which are still known as the Carothers equations today. Collaborating with Paul Flory, a physical chemist, they developed theories that describe more mathematical aspects of step-growth polymerization including kinetics, stoichiometry, and molecular weight distribution etc. Carothers is also well known for his invention of Nylon.Condensation polymerization"Step growth polymerization" and condensation polymerization are two different concepts, not always identical. In fact polyurethane polymerizes with addition polymerization (because its polymerization produces no small molecules), but its reaction mechanism corresponds to a step-growth polymerization.The distinction between "addition polymerization" and "condensation polymerization" was introduced by Wallace Carothers in 1929, and refers to the type of products, respectively:[2][3]a polymer only (addition)a polymer and a molecule with a low molecular weight (condensation)The distinction between "step-growth polymerization" and "chain-growth polymerization" was introduced by Paul Flory in 1953, and refers to the reaction mechanisms, respectively:[4]by functional groups (step-growth polymerization)by free-radical or ion (chain-growth polymerization)Differences from chain-growth polymerizationThis technique is usually compared with chain-growth polymerization to show its characteristics.Step-growth polymerization Chain-growth polymerizationGrowth throughout matrix Growth by addition of monomer only at one end or both ends of chainRapid loss of monomer early in the reaction Some monomer remains even at long reaction timesSimilar steps repeated throughout reaction process Different steps operate at different stages of mechanism (i.e. initiation, propagation, termination, and chain transfer)Average molecular weight increases slowly at low conversion and high extents of reaction are required to obtain high chain length Molar mass of backbone chain increases rapidly at early stage and remains approximately the same throughout the polymerizationEnds remain active (no termination) Chains not active after terminationNo initiator necessary Initiator requiredClasses of step-growth polymersExamples of monomer systems that undergo step-growth polymerisation[5]. The reactive functional groups are highlighted.Classes of step-growth polymers are:[6][7]Polyester has high glass transition temperature Tg and high melting point Tm, good mechanical properties to about 175 °C, good resistance to solvent and chemicals. It can exist as fibers and films. The former is used in garments, felts, tire cords, etc. The latter appears in magnetic recording tape and high grade films.Polyamide (nylon) has good balance of properties: high strength, good elasticity and abrasion resistance, good toughness, favorable solvent resistance. The applications of polyamide include: rope, belting, fiber cloths, thread, substitute for metal in bearings, jackets on electrical wire.Polyurethane can exist as elastomers with good abrasion resistance, hardness, good resistance to grease and good elasticity, as fibers with excellent rebound, as coatings with good resistance to solvent attack and abrasion and as foams with good strength, good rebound and high impact strength.Polyurea shows high Tg, fair resistance to greases, oils, and solvents. It can be used in truck bed liners, bridge coating, caulk and decorative designs.Polysiloxane are available in a wide range of physical states—from liquids to greases, waxes, resins, and rubbers. Uses of this material are as antifoam and release agents, gaskets, seals, cable and wire insulation, hot liquids and gas conduits, etc.Polycarbonates are transparent, self-extinguishing materials. They possess properties like crystalline thermoplasticity, high impact strength, good thermal and oxidative stability. They can be used in machinery, auto-industry, and medical applications. For example, the cockpit canopy of F-22 Raptor is made of high optical quality polycarbonate.Polysulfides have outstanding oil and solvent resistance, good gas impermeability, good resistance to aging and ozone. However, it smells bad, and it shows low tensile strength as well as poor heat resistance. It can be used in gasoline hoses, gaskets and places that require solvent resistance and gas resistance.Polyether shows good thermoplastic behavior, water solubility, generally good mechanical properties, moderate strength and stiffness. It is applied in sizing for cotton and synthetic fibers, stabilizers for adhesives, binders, and film formers in pharmaceuticals.Phenol formaldehyde resin (bakelite) have good heat resistance, dimensional stability as well as good resistance to most solvents. It also shows good dielectric properties. This material is typically used in molding applications, electrical, radio, televisions and automotive parts where their good dielectric properties are of use. Some other uses include: impregnating paper, varnishes, decorative laminates for wall coverings.Polytriazole polymers are produced from monomers which bear both an alkyne and azide functional group. The monomer units are linked to each other by the a 1,2,3-triazole group; which is produced by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, also called the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. These polymers can take on the form of a strong resin,[8] or a gel.[9] With oligopeptide monomers containing a terminal alkyne and terminal azide the resulting clicked peptide polymer will be biodegradable due to action of endopeptidases on the oligopeptide unit.[10]Branched polymersA monomer with functionality of 3 or more will introduce branching in a polymer and will ultimately form a cross-linked macrostructure or network even at low fractional conversion. The point at which a tree-like topology transits to a network is known as the gel point because it is signalled by an abrupt change in viscosity. One of the earliest so-called thermosets is known as bakelite. It is not always water that is released in step-growth polymerization: in acyclic diene metathesis or ADMET dienes polymerize with loss of ethene.KineticsThe kinetics and rates of step-growth polymerization can be described using a polyesterification mechanism. The simple esterification is an acid-catalyzed process in which protonation of the acid is followed by interaction with the alcohol to produce an ester and water. However, there are a few assumptions needed with this kinetic model. The first assumption is water (or any other condensation product) is efficiently removed. Secondly, the functional group reactivities are independent of chain length. Finally, it is assumed that each step only involves one alcohol and one acid.{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-p^{n-1}}}=1+(n-1)kt[{\ce {COOH}}]^{n-1}}{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-p^{n-1}}}=1+(n-1)kt[{\ce {COOH}}]^{n-1}}This is a general rate law degree of polymerization for polyesterification where n= reaction order.Self-catalyzed polyesterificationIf no acid catalyst is added, the reaction will still proceed because the acid can act as its own catalyst. The rate of condensation at any time t can then be derived from the rate of disappearance of -COOH groups and{\displaystyle rate={\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}[{\ce {OH}}]}{\displaystyle rate={\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}[{\ce {OH}}]}The second-order [\ce{COOH}] term arises from its use as a catalyst, and k is the rate constant. For a system with equivalent quantities of acid and glycol, the functional group concentration can be written simply as{\displaystyle rate={\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{3}}{\displaystyle rate={\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{3}}After integration and substitution from Carothers equation, the final form is the following{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{(1-p)^{2}}}=2kt[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}+1=X_{n}^{2}}{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{(1-p)^{2}}}=2kt[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}+1=X_{n}^{2}}For a self-catalyzed system, the number average degree of polymerization (Xn) grows proportionally with {\displaystyle {\sqrt {t}}}{\sqrt {t}}.[11]External catalyzed polyesterificationThe uncatalyzed reaction is rather slow, and a high Xn is not readily attained. In the presence of a catalyst, there is an acceleration of the rate, and the kinetic expression is altered to[1]{\displaystyle {\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}][{\ce {OH}}]}{\displaystyle {\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}][{\ce {OH}}]}which is kinetically first order in each functional group. Hence,{\displaystyle {\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}}{\displaystyle {\frac {-d[{\ce {COOH}}]}{dt}}=k[{\ce {COOH}}]^{2}}and integration gives finally{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-p}}=1+[{\ce {COOH}}]kt=X_{n}}{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-p}}=1+[{\ce {COOH}}]kt=X_{n}}For an externally catalyzed system, the number average degree of polymerization grows proportionally with {\displaystyle t\,}t\,.Molecular weight distribution in linear polymerizationThe product of a polymerization is a mixture of polymer molecules of different molecular weights. For theoretical and practical reasons it is of interest to discuss the distribution of molecular weights in a polymerization. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) had been derived by Flory by a statistical approach based on the concept of equal reactivity of functional groups.[12][13]ProbabilityStep-growth polymerization is a random process so we can use statistics to calculate the probability of finding a chain with x-structural units ("x-mer") as a function of time or conversion.{\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {x}}AA}+{\mathit {x}}BB->AA-(BB-AA)_{{\mathit {x}}-1}-BB}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {x}}AA}+{\mathit {x}}BB->AA-(BB-AA)_{{\mathit {x}}-1}-BB}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {{\mathit {x}}AB->A-(B-A)_{{\mathit {x}}-1}-B}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {{\mathit {x}}AB->A-(B-A)_{{\mathit {x}}-1}-B}}}Probability that an 'A' functional group has reacted{\displaystyle p^{x-1}\,}p^{{x-1}}\,
Margaret Eleanor Anne Hart (née Hill) CM (October 7, 1935 – October 9, 2019) was a Canadian author who specialized in biographies. She was best known for her Agatha Christie character biographies: The Life and Times of Miss Jane Marple and The Life and Times of Hercule Poirot, and for her role as head of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies from 1976 until her retirement on January 1, 1998.[1] In 2004, Hart was made a Member of the Order of Canada for her "lasting contributions to the cultural life of her province."[2]Contents1 Life and work2 Awards3 Literary works3.1 Sole authorship3.2 Collaborations4 Radio5 ReferencesLife and workHart was born in Winnipeg and grew up in Nova Scotia.[3] She received an arts degree from Dalhousie University (where she majored in history) and a library science degree from McGill University.[4][5]She later moved to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, where she became a librarian at Memorial University in 1972, working with her mentor Agnes O'Dea. Four years later, she became head of the university's Centre for Newfoundland Studies (CNS).[1] The CNS acquires books, maps, and documents relevant to Newfoundland and Labrador; while Hart was head, the Centre's collection expanded considerably, from roughly 20,000 volumes to 60,000.[4] Also during Hart's tenure, the CNS grew to include an archive, which complemented the centre's book collection.[1] Another notable accomplishment came in 1986, when the CNS was instrumental in the creation of The Bibliography of Newfoundland, a two-volume scholarly work published by the University of Toronto Press in association with Memorial University. Hart retired on January 1, 1998.[1]AwardsMember of the Order of Canada. Awarded on October 29, 2004, invested on September 9, 2005, for her contributions to the cultural life of Newfoundland and Labrador.[6] Her citation states: "As Head of the Memorial University Libraries' Centre for Newfoundland Studies, she was instrumental in building a priceless and internationally renowned collection of Newfoundlandiana. These heritage books and documents will provide generations of students, scholars and the public with a record of the history of Newfoundland and Labrador.[2]Ms. Hart's collaboration with Roberta Buchanan and Bryan Greene on The Woman Who Mapped Labrador: The Life and Expedition Diary of Mina Hubbard was shortlisted for the Winterset Award for excellence in Newfoundland and Labrador writing.[7]For her achievements as a biographer and for her contributions to Newfoundland studies, Anne Hart was awarded an honorary doctor of letters degree by Memorial University of Newfoundland.[8]Library Trustees' Association Annual Merit Award, for outstanding library trustee, 1986.[9]Literary worksSole authorshipMs. Hart's biographies of Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot were written with the full endorsement of Agatha Christie Limited.[10]The Life and Times of Miss Jane Marple (1985, Dodd Mead) - Biography of the Agatha Christie character.The Life and Times of Hercule Poirot (1990, Putnam Adult) - Biography of the Agatha Christie character.Into Unknown Labrador - an article published in Rediscovering Canada - Image, Place and Text (Nordic Association for Canadian Studies Text Series Vol. 16) edited by Gudrun Bjork Gudsteins. ISBN 9789979544616. Publisher: University of Iceland Press. Publication date: 2001/12/01.CollaborationsThe Woman Who Mapped Labrador: The Life and Expedition Diary of Mina Hubbard (2005, McGill-Queen's University Press) - In collaboration with Roberta Buchanan and Bryan Greene - Biography of the first white woman to cross Labrador. The three collaborators edited Mina Hubbard's diary, and Ms. Hart wrote the biography of Mina Hubbard.[11]RadioCBC Radio Ideas documentary: "Into Unknown Labrador: The Mina Hubbard Story", 1998-05-28.[12] This lecture was also delivered by Ms. Hart to The Newfoundland Historical Society on January 27, 2000.[13]
Sandsfoot Castle, also known historically as Weymouth Castle, is an artillery fort constructed by Henry VIII near Weymouth, Dorset. It formed part of the King's Device programme to protect against invasion from France and the Holy Roman Empire, and defended the Weymouth Bay anchorage. The stone castle had an octagonal gun platform, linked to a residential blockhouse, and was completed by 1542 at a cost of £3,887. Earthwork defences were built around the landward side of the castle, probably in 1623. Sandsfoot saw service during the English Civil War, when it was held by Parliament and Royalists in turn during the conflict. It survived the interregnum but, following Charles II's restoration to the throne, the fortress was withdrawn from military use in 1665.By the early 18th century, Sandsfoot was in ruins, its stonework taken for use in local building projects. The clay cliffs on which the castle had been built had always been unstable and subject to erosion. The castle's gun platform began to collapse into the sea and, by the 1950s, had been entirely destroyed. The ruins were closed to visitors on safety grounds, although civic gardens were planted alongside it in 1951. Repairs were undertaken between 2009 and 2012 at a total cost of £217,800, enabling the site to be reopened to the public. Historic England considers Sandsfoot to be "one of the most substantial examples" of the 16th-century blockhouses to survive in England.[1]Contents1 History1.1 16th century1.2 17th–19th centuries1.3 20th–21st centuries2 Architecture3 See also4 Notes5 References6 Bibliography7 External linksHistory16th centurySandsfoot Castle was built as a consequence of international tensions between England, France and the Holy Roman Empire in the final years of the reign of King Henry VIII. Traditionally the Crown had left coastal defences to the local lords and communities, only taking a modest role in building and maintaining fortifications, and while France and the Empire remained in conflict with one another, maritime raids were common but an actual invasion of England seemed unlikely.[2] Modest defences, based around simple blockhouses and towers, existed in the south-west and along the Sussex coast, with a few more impressive works in the north of England, but in general the fortifications were very limited in scale.[3]The interior of Sandsfoot Castle in 2008, showing ashlar-faced (left) and rubble stone walls (right)After 1533, Henry broke with popes Pope Clement VII and Paul III in order to annul the long-standing marriage to his wife, Catherine of Aragon, and remarry.[4] Catherine was the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, and Charles took the annulment as a personal insult.[5] This resulted in France and the Empire declaring an alliance against Henry in 1538, and the Pope encouraging the two countries to attack England.[6] An invasion of England appeared certain.[7] In response, Henry issued an order, called a "device", in 1539, giving instructions for the "defence of the realm in time of invasion" and the construction of forts along the English coastline.[8]Sandsfoot Castle was built to protect the Weymouth Bay anchorage, being placed on cliffs overlooking the waterway, opposite Portland Castle on the other side.[9] Sandsfoot was a blockhouse, intended to defeat enemy ships using a battery of heavy artillery, and had minimal protection against an attack from the land.[10] It was completed by 1541, run by a captain appointed by the Crown, and cost £3,887 to build.[11][a] There was probably an early agreement that the nearby village of Wyke Regis had a responsibility to support the castle, and in exchange they came to traditionally enjoy an exemption from taxes and militia duties.[13] The antiquarian John Leland visited the castle soon after its construction, describing it as "a right goodlie and warlyke castle" with "one open barbican", probably referring to the castle's gun platform.[14]Coastal erosion quickly began to threaten the castle, causing what was reported as a "great gulf" on its seaward side, and repairs costing £383 were necessary by 1583[15][a], completed by John Wadham of Catherston, MP and Recorder for Weymouth and “Captain of the Queen’s Majestie at Sandesfoot Castle” who died in 1584.[16] During the invasion scare that accompanied the Spanish Armada of 1588, the normal garrison of Sandsfoot was supplemented by another 50 men.[17]17th–19th centuriesEngraving of the castle in 1756, showing the entrance gate-tower (left), the residential block (centre) and the gun platform (right)Repairs were made to the castle between 1610 and 1611 by the captain, Sir George Bampfield, at a cost of £211.[18][a] A survey in 1623 carried out by Sir Richard Morryson showed the castle to be equipped with ten iron guns – one culverin, five demi-culverins, two sakers, a minion and a falcon – and garrisoned by its captain, five gunners and three soldiers.[19] It was in a poor condition, and one corner of the gun platform had been undermined by the sea; Morryson's team estimated the likely costs of repairs to amount to £459.[20][a]During the English Civil War between the supporters of Charles I and Parliament, Weymouth was predominantly Parliamentarian in loyalty and the surrounding forts were held by their garrisons.[21] Robert Dormer, the Earl of Carnarvon, entered Dorset with an army in 1643 and Weymouth surrendered, resulting in Sandsfoot Castle being controlled by the Royalists between August 1643 and June 1644.[22] During this period the castle may have been used as a Royalist mint.[23] Robert Devereux, the Earl of Essex, then retook the county for Parliament; Colonel William Ashburnham, the Royalist governor of Weymouth, retreated to Portland Castle without a fight.[25] Devereux approached Sandsfoot and, after three hours of negotiations, the fort surrendered to him.[26] In 1647, Parliament ordered the garrison at the castle to be demobilised but this did not occur, and John Hayne was appointed as its new captain.[27]Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 and the next year a fresh order was given to demobilise the garrison at Sandsfoot.[28] An argument then broke out between Humphrey Weld, the lieutenant-governor of Portland and captain of Sandsfoot Castle, and Charles Stewart, the Duke of Richmond, over the control of the local defences.[29] The village of Wyke Regis petitioned Weld in a bid to prevent the demobilisation, concerned that their traditional exemptions from militia service would be revoked by the Duke.[29] Weld championed their case but was dismissed from his post as lieutenant-governor, and the Duke occupied Sandsfoot with his militia.[30] Weld appealed to the government and in 1665 a compromise was announced in which Weld would be reappointed to his role as lieutenant-governor, while Sandsfoot would be declared redundant and be demolished.[29] The order for its destruction was never carried out, and the castle was used as a storehouse until at least 1691.[31]The castle depicted in 1825By 1725, the castle had become ruinous.[32] Early in the century, the remains of the castle was sold to the town of Weymouth, whose people reused some of the stone to construct their new town bridge.[33] Local tradition in the 19th century maintained that several houses in Weymouth were also constructed using stone taken from the castle.[34] In 1825, the carved stone Elizabethan arms of the castle were moved to All Saints Church in Wyke Regis.[35] Captains continued to be formally appointed, however, and Gabriel Stewart held the post as late as 1795.[36]The majority of the gun platform collapsed into the sea as the cliffs eroded. It is uncertain precisely when this occurred; in a prolonged historical debate over this during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the historian Henry Symonds argued that the first falls occurred during the 18th century, W. Norman placed the main fall in 1835, and T. Groves argued in favour of a more recent collapse in the second half of the 19th century.[37] The ruined castle was drawn and painted by various artists in the 18th and 19th centuries, including Samuel Buck, J. H. Grimm, C. Sawyer and Edward Pritchard.[38] The castle featured in Joseph Drew's short novel "the Poisoned Cup" in 1876.[39]20th–21st centuriesSandsfoot Gardens, with the castle in the distanceIn 1902, the Weymouth Corporation purchased the castle for the town from the Department of Woods and Forests for a total of £150.[39][c] During the Second World War the castle probably housed an anti-aircraft battery as part of the defences created around Portland Harbour.[1] Despite the construction of the Portland breakwaters nearby, the unstable clay cliffs remained vulnerable to erosion; in 1930 the ruins were closed to the public due to safety concerns and the remaining embrasure of the gun platform collapsed in the 1950s.[41]In 2009, £23,100 was awarded by the Heritage Lottery Fund for an initial survey of the site, which by now had been placed on English Heritage's register of listed buildings at risk of decline, followed by a further £194,700 in 2011 for substantial repair work.[42] As part of the work, a three-dimensional laser scan of the stonework was undertaken, and a steel and oak walkway was installed around the interior of the castle.[43] The castle reopened to the public in 2012, and the following year it was removed from English Heritage's at risk register.[44] The castle is protected under UK law as a grade II* listed building and as a scheduled ancient monument.[45]ArchitecturePlan of the original castle; A – gate-tower; B – residential blockhouse; C – gun platformSandsfoot Castle was built from Portland stone with ashlar facings and a rubble core.[46] It comprised a main blockhouse attached to an octagonal gun room, overlooking the sea.[47] The two-storey blockhouse is 42 by 32 feet (12.8 by 9.8 m) across, with a gate-tower on its landward side.[47] It probably originally had four rooms for the accommodation and cooking facilities for the garrison, with staircases leading up to the first floor and down into its basement.[48] The gate-tower held a small room on the first floor and was designed to hold a portcullis.[48] The one-storey gun room was approximately 36 by 28 feet (11.0 by 8.5 m) across with five embrasures for guns and a flat roof that also probably supported artillery. Both the gun room and the main block were probably protected by parapets.[48]The gun room has been lost to erosion, although the south-western embrasure is still visible where it fell onto the beach below.[1] The ashlar facings of the blockhouse have been largely robbed, although some elements remain, and the roof and floors have been lost.[49] Historic England considers that the castle "represents one of the most substantial examples" of an unaltered 16th-century blockhouse in England.[1]The castle originally had an outer ward, reached over a bridge, and stables, although these have been both been lost.[48] Protective rectangular earthworks were constructed to protect the castle on the landward side, probably in 1623, with two bastions in the north and west corners, and some form of stone structure along the earthworks.[47] In the 18th century these earthworks were described as forming a "deep trench" and mid-19th century accounts suggested that they were around 12 feet (3.7 m) deep.[50] Now only 100 feet (30 m) of the bank and ditch survives, with the earthworks approximately 10 metres (33 ft) wide overall and 2.2 metres (7 ft 3 in) deep between the top of the bank and the base of the ditch.[47] The north bastion still survives largely intact, although the west has been mostly destroyed.[48] Outside the entrance to the earthworks are the Sandsfoot Gardens, civic gardens dating from 1951, designed in a Tudor style with an ornamental pond.[51]
A serial dilution is the stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. Usually the dilution factor at each step is constant, resulting in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion. A ten-fold serial dilution could be 1 M, 0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M ... Serial dilutions are used to accurately create highly diluted solutions as well as solutions for experiments resulting in concentration curves with a logarithmic scale. A tenfold dilution for each step is called a logarithmic dilution or log-dilution, a 3.16-fold (100.5-fold) dilution is called a half-logarithmic dilution or half-log dilution, and a 1.78-fold (100.25-fold) dilution is called a quarter-logarithmic dilution or quarter-log dilution. Serial dilutions are widely used in experimental sciences, including biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and physics.Contents1 In biology and medicine2 In homeopathy3 See also4 References5 External linksIn biology and medicineIn biology and medicine, besides the more conventional uses described above, serial dilution may also be used to reduce the concentration of microscopic organisms or cells in a sample. As, for instance, the number and size of bacterial colonies that grow on an agar plate in a given time is concentration-dependent, and since many other diagnostic techniques involve physically counting the number of micro-organisms or cells on specials printed with grids (for comparing concentrations of two organisms or cell types in the sample) or wells of a given volume (for absolute concentrations), dilution can be useful for getting more manageable results.[1] Serial dilution is also a cheaper and simpler method for preparing cultures from a single cell than optical tweezers and micromanipulators.[2]In homeopathyMain articles: Homeopathy and Homeopathic dilutionsSerial dilution is one of the core foundational practices of homeopathy, with "succussion", or shaking, occurring between each dilution. In homeopathy, serial dilutions (called potentisation) are often taken so far that by the time the last dilution is completed, no molecules of the original substance are likely to remain.[3][4]See alsoDilution (equation)Hormesis
The teenage mall culture which formed around it and nearby malls formed the basis of the 1982 satirical song "Valley Girl" by Frank Zappa and daughter Moon Zappa. The mall has also been a shooting location for many films, most notably the seminal 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High as well as the 1983 film Valley Girl, both of which focused on the early 1980s San Fernando Valley youth culture.Contents1 History2 Use in films3 References4 External linksHistoryThe three-level mall was built on the site of Moses Sherman's original 1911 thousand-acre investment in the area, at the present-day intersection of Ventura and Sepulveda boulevards.[5] It opened in 1980 with two department stores (Robinsons anchored the south, May Company anchored the north).[6] Pacific Theatres' Pacific 4 occupied the uppermost level of the mall.[6] The mall became famous in the early 1980s as being the center of the teenage mall culture and a well-known teenage hangout.[7] The Galleria formed the basis of the Frank Zappa/Moon Unit Zappa 1982 satirical single "Valley Girl" from Zappa's album Ship Arriving Too Late To Save A Drowning Witch.[8][9][10] Following on the popularity of the song, the TV show Real People hosted an Ultimate Valley Girl competition (referred to as "a nightmare" by contest judge Moon Zappa), at the Galleria.[11] In 1993, Robinsons and May Company merged, forming Robinsons-May - both stores in the mall were converted to Robinsons-May, the north store becoming a Men's and Home store, and the south store becoming a Women's and Children's store.[6][12]The next decade saw business at the Galleria decline. In January 1994, the mall closed for 11 days for repairs following the Northridge earthquake.[13][14] Although the mall reopened quickly, Robinson-May didn't re-open its south wing store for four years following the earthquake, and many smaller stores on that floor closed.[15] During that closure, the mall suffered due to having only one main anchor store. Mall management sued to evict Robinson-May in 1998, alleging that the delay was a lease violation and caused the store closures, but R-M countersued, claiming that poor mall promotion and management were the cause.[15] Closures continued through the 1990s until a gift and jewelry shop was one of the few remaining stores in 1999.[7]The rebuilt Sherman Oaks Galleria, opened in 2002, seen from Ventura and SepulvedaThe mall closed in April 1999 for a major renovation[7] and reopened in 2002 as an open-air center which was quite different from its previous incarnation.[16] The new layout was termed "mixed-use".[17] The only remnant of the original mall is the court where the Pacific 16 Theatres is located, which are on the uppermost of what was previously the southern Robinsons-May store. The majority of the remaining mall was turned into offices.[18] Warner Bros. set up offices[1] in what was once one of the mall entrances. Several mortgage companies and financial services providers are headquartered within the center. Additional tenants include 24 Hour Fitness, Burke Williams Day Spa, Devry, the Paul Mitchell School, as well as several major restaurant chains (Cheesecake Factory, P. F. Chang's China Bistro, Buffalo Wild Wings, & Frida's Mexican). The remodeling and new construction were designed by Gensler and built by Peck/Jones Construction, which in 2005 filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy.[19][20]On Monday, June 4, 2007, the Pacific Galleria 16 Theaters changed into an ArcLight Cinema, as the Pacific Theaters own the ArcLight brand.[21] The transformation began gradually, with re-branding at the start, and renovation throughout the summer of 2007. The theater was closed for three months to complete the process.[21]Use in filmsThe Galleria was featured in scenes in several films. Fast Times at Ridgemont High,[18] Valley Girl[7][18](aerial, exterior shots), Night of the Comet, Commando,[22][23] Back to the Future Part II,[23] Albert Brooks' Mother,[23] Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge,[24] Walk Like a Man (1987),[25] Innerspace[26] and Chopping Mall[27] were filmed at the Galleria, as were scenes for the 2011 release Crazy, Stupid, Love.[28][29]
Travis Charlton Bowyer (born August 3, 1981) is a former professional baseball relief pitcher. He is listed at 6 foot, 3 inches and 210 pounds. He bats and throws right-handed.Contents1 Career2 Awards and honors3 References4 External linksCareerOn June 2, 1999, Bowyer was drafted out of high school by the Minnesota Twins in the 20th round of the 1999 Major League Baseball Draft. After spending his first three seasons in rookie ball, Bowyer rose through the minor league system and made it to the Twins major league roster in 2005. He was traded on December 2, 2005, along with Scott Tyler to the Marlins for Luis Castillo. The Marlins intended to use Bowyer in the bullpen,[1] but due to injury, Bowyer has not pitched since the trade.In early 2007, Florida Marlins GM Larry Beinfest stated his belief that Bowyer was still a future closer. However, in March, Bowyer was released and re-signed to a minor league deal. He then missed all of 2007 after undergoing shoulder surgery in August 2006.[2] After being out of baseball for seven years, he played in 2012 with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.Awards and honors2005 - International League All-Star RPParticipated in the 2005 Futures Game during All-Star Weekend
Jukebox is an album by Jamaaladeen Tacuma. It was recorded from September 1987 to October 1987 and was released in 1988 by Gramavision. It was produced by Jonathan F.P. Rose and Jamaaladeen Tacuma.Track listing"A Time A Place" – 4:20"Meta-Morphosis" – 6:28"Rhythm Of Your Mind" – 1:40"Jam-All" – 3:24"In The Mood For Mood" – 6:18"Jukebox" – 5:37"Naima" – 5:18"Zam Zam Was Such A Wonderful Feeling" – 4:55"Solar System Blues" – 5:04PersonnelJamaaladeen Tacuma – Synthesizer, Bass, Drums, Bass guitar, Electric guitar, Producer, Engineer, Fretless bass, MixingRonnie Drayton – Guitar, Electric guitarFrederick Phineas – HarmonicaAlfie Pollit – SynthesizerDennis Alston – Percussion, DrumsByard Lancaster – Flute, Saxophone, Tenor saxophone, Pan flute, Bird CallsAlan Sukennik – Organ, Synthesizer, Piano, Cello, Keyboards, Korg SynthesizerCreditsTim Casey – Mixing, Mixing assistantPhoebe Ferguson – PhotographyJoe Ferla – Engineer, MixingAngela Gomez – Assistant EngineerFred Guyot – Paintings, Cover PaintingBob Ludwig – MasteringJonathan F.P. Rose – Producer, Mixing
Interplanetary Class Classics is the debut studio album from Sheffield-based rock band The Moonlandingz. It was released on March 24, 2017 through Transgressive Records in Europe and by Chimera Music in the United States. It was produced by both the band and Sean Lennon, and was recorded at the Chimera Music Studio in New York. The album features guest vocals from Yoko Ono, Phillip Oakey, Randy Jones and Slow Club frontwoman Rebecca Taylor.[1]Contents1 Background2 Critical reception2.1 Accolades3 Track listing4 Personnel5 ReferencesBackgroundFollowing their collaboration on Johnny Rocket, Narcissist & Music Machine...I'm Your Biggest Fan and the Moonlandingz EP, Eccentronic Research Council duo Adrian Flanagan and Dean Honer decided to continue their partnership with Fat White Family members Saul Adamczewski and Lias Kaci Saoudi by taking the Moonlandingz concept and turning into a fully-fledged live band. Throughout the first half of 2016, the band continued to tour and put out another EP on Transgressive Records, entitled Blak Hanz.[citation needed]After the release of the EP, the partnership committed to creating a full album under the Moonlandingz name. To produce the album they enlisted Sean Lennon, who uprooted the band from Sheffield to record in his Chimera Music Studio in New York. Several notable musicians were brought on board to help create the album, including bassist/guitarist Mairead O'Connor and Add N to (X) drummer Ross Orton. Both musicians would continue their roles with the band on the subsequent tour supporting the album. Yoko Ono played a key role during the production, both co-writing and providing vocals for the song 'The Cities Undone'. The Human League frontman Phillip Oakey also supplied backing vocals for the track, while former Village People singer Randy Jones provided vocals for the song 'Glory Hole'. Lead singer of Slow Club, Rebecca Taylor provided co-vocals on 'The Strangle of Anna'.[2]The album was announced on the 29 November 2016. The news accompanied the release of a video for the single 'Black Hanz', directed by Charlotte Kemp Muhl and details regarding dates for the supporting tour. Under the guise of Johnny Rocket, singer Saoudi released a statement to coincide with the announcement, stating "It is with a great lack of humility that I would like to announce the release of the album of the epoch, a derogatory slap in the face of good taste and decency, an album synthesised out of pure irresponsibility and sheer self-adoration. Consider this album two great monoliths, one of misanthropy the other self-love, it is unyielding in its perfect duality. There shall be no such thing as pop music henceforth, for in the wake of this cultural Big Bang all other efforts in the medium will appear to be what they always truly have been: puddles of tepid consciousness."[3]Two further songs were released as singles from the album. The first, 'The Strangle of Anna' was released on February 2, 2017. In the announcement, band member Adrian Flanagan talked about the track, revealing "It is written "from the viewpoint of the girlfriend of some cliched, self absorbed, pound-shop indie Lou Reed wannabe, who plays in some velvets / Mary chain-esque shoddy local band..You know the type, sociopathic skinny boys in leather jackets and winkle pickers, with cry baby, light weight, borderline drug problem - and with egos that far outweighs their talent for playing the chords, C, F and G through a fuzz guitar pedal, drenched in reverb."[4]Following the album's launch in March, the final single 'The Rabies Are Back' was released on June 21, 2017. According to a statement released by the band, the song was inspired by the political climate in the United Kingdom: "In these seemingly 1970's times of violent and hideous intolerance towards people of race, religion and culture, perpetuated by the over-zealous scaremongering of the right-wing press we wrote 'The Rabies are Back' from the perspective of these little booze cruise Englanders, those Union Jack short wearing, Euro lager drinking, chicken masala swilling, Lidl shopping, hard Brexit cheering, refugee baiting, balls of contradiction."[5]Critical receptionProfessional ratingsAggregate scoresSource RatingMetacritic 85/100[6]Review scoresSource RatingAllMusic 4.5/5 stars[1]The Guardian 4/5 stars[2]Interplanetary Class Classics was positively received by contemporary music critics upon release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 85, based on 10 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[6]In a four and a half star review for AllMusic, reviewer Tim Sendra wrote: "The Moonlandingz may have been a joke at first, a way for the guys at the ERC to have some fun and bring their concept album to life. Luckily for fans of ridiculous pop, they took it another step and made Interplanetary Class Classics, a wild work of twisted genius and more fun than rabies, that's for sure."[1] Dave Simpson also applauded the band in his four-star review for The Guardian, saying "It’s an inspired mish-mash of Glitter Band tribal drumming, a howling wolf, tuneless saxophone squawking, heavy breathing and at least one narrative about castration; a sort of Cramps-meet-B-52s Hammer horror-rock monster." Praising the album in a review for The Quietus, Brian Coney claimed, "Interplanetary Class Classics is indeed an instant classic and a release that confirms The Moonlandingz as a fully-fledged proposition who are not only at least equal to the sum of the parts but also one whose clout beyond the stage offers a whole new realm of murky and majestic discovery."[7]AccoladesPublication Accolade Year Rank Ref.Gigwise Gigwise's 51 Best Albums of 2017 201713[8]NME NME's Albums of the Year 2017 201745[9]The Quietus The Quietus' Albums of the Year 20174[10]Track listingAll tracks are written by The Moonlandingz, except where noted[11].No. Title Music Length1. "Vessels" 3:302. "Sweet Saturn Mine" 3:483. "Black Hanz" 4:214. "I.D.S" 3:475. "The Strangle of Anna" 3:406. "Theme for Valhalla Dale" Saul Adamczewski, Adrian Flanagan, Dean Honer, Lias Kaci Saoudi, Sean Lennon 1:127. "The Rabies Are Back" 3:118. "Neuf du Pape" 2:499. "Glory Hole" 4:0210. "Lufthansa Man" 4:5911. "This Cities Undone" Adamczewski, Flanagan, Honer, Saoudi, Yoko Ono
Nichols is a city in Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The population was 374 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.Contents1 Name2 History3 Geography4 Demographics4.1 2010 census4.2 2000 census5 ReferencesNameThe original name of the site of the current town was Railroad Addition. The town was later referred to as Nichols Station in reference to the previous holder of the town's site. Nichols was named by the early settler Benjamin F. Nichols in honor of his father, Samuel Nichols, who was instrumental in bringing the railroad to the area. Samuel Nichols was a heavy investor in the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad Company as well as owner of large landholdings. Samuel Nichols had given the rail company the right of way to construct the rail line across his land, as well as to establish a depot at the current site of Nichols.[4]HistoryNichols was established in the early 1870s in an area of Section 15 of Pike Township known locally as Elephant Swamp. The community was intended as a rail town for the shipment of agriculture products and furs to distant markets, and had been constructed on land donated to the rail company by Samuel and Benjamin Nichols with the intention of establishing a rail depot. The lots for the future community were surveyed by county surveyor George Bumgardner in June, 1871. Two rail lines would eventually run through the town – the Muscatine & Western Railroad and the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad – which were both branches of the Rock Island system. The first rail line and rail depot was constructed in the early 1870s. Dr. S. H. Smith constructed the first building on the future site of Nichols in 1871, which Mr Smith used as both a drug store and as a home. Construction on the Muscatine & Western Railroad reached the site in 1873, and the rail company laid out an addition to the town, calling it Railroad Addition. At first many of the buildings and homes in the community were log cabins, which were then replaced by more permanent brick buildings. Benjamin Nichols established the first post office in 1870 and served as the first postmaster. The first school was built in 1872. In the winter of 1873-1874 a Christian church was organized with services being held in schoolhouses until the construction of the church in 1874, with services being conducted by Rev. John Powell. The German Evangelical Protestant Church was organized in 1874 by Rev. K. F. Obermann. The Catholic church – Church of St. Mary - was built in 1874 with Father Nicholas Dugan serving as its first pastor. A Methodist church was organized in 1875 by J. A. Bolton. The town soon grew with the addition of several banks, an opera house, and a town hall that had been constructed in 1897. The early economy of the community centered on the two rail lines that ran through the community as well as the buying and shipping of furs as well as agriculture. The Foley and Brugman Brothers operated two large grain elevators which held 15,000 bushels each. Cattle and hogs were also shipped out to markets through the rail lines.[5][6]GeographyNichols is located at 41°28′45″N 91°18′30″W (41.479113, -91.308291) [7] in section 15 of Pike Township, situated in the western edge of Iowa's Muscatine County. The area is a mix of prairie and rich bottom land. Jordan Creek flows just southeast of the community and flows into Wapsinonoc Creek, a tributary of the Cedar River.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.23 square miles (0.60 km2), all land.[1]DemographicsHistorical populationsYear Pop. ±%1880 286 — 1890 237 −17.1%1900 398 +67.9%1910 396 −0.5%1920 387 −2.3%1930 369 −4.7%1940 357 −3.3%1950 348 −2.5%1960 329 −5.5%1970 396 +20.4%1980 375 −5.3%1990 366 −2.4%2000 374 +2.2%2010 374 +0.0%2018 362 −3.2%Source:"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2020-03-29. and Iowa Data CenterSource:U.S. Decennial Census[8]2010 censusAs of the census[2] of 2010, there were 374 people, 142 households, and 105 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,626.1 inhabitants per square mile (627.8/km2). There were 150 housing units at an average density of 652.2 per square mile (251.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.4% White, 1.1% African American, 2.1% Asian, 8.3% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.3% of the population.There were 142 households of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.1% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.99.The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 28.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.4% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.2000 censusAs of the census[9] of 2000, there were 374 people, 138 households, and 102 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,604.8 people per square mile (627.8/km²). There were 142 housing units at an average density of 609.3 per square mile (238.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.36% White, 1.07% African American, 1.60% Asian, 9.89% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22.99% of the population.There were 138 households out of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.03.In the city, the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 11.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.The median income for a household in the city was $43,750, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $32,045 versus $21,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,082. About 4.7% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.References "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2012-05-11. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-05-11. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved April 3, 2020. Richman, Irving Berdine (1911). History of Muscatine County, Iowa: From the Earliest Settlements to the Present Time. S. J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp. 238. rving Berdine Richman (1911). "History of Muscatine County, Iowa: From the Earliest Settlements to the Present Time, Volume 1". Western Historical Company (1879). "The History of Muscatine County, Iowa". Western historical Company: 582. nichols iowa history. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
When We Leave (German: Die Fremde, Turkish: Ayrılık) is a 2010 German-Turkish drama film, produced, written and directed by Austrian filmmaker Feo Aladag. The film received worldwide acclaim, and represented Aladag's debut as a producer, writer and director.When We Leave tells the story of a young German/Turkish mother's struggle for self-determination between two systems of values. It is a multi-layered story about honor, intolerance and the unshakeable belief in a harmonious coexistence.The film stars Sibel Kekilli, Florian Lukas, Alwara Höfels, Nursel Köse and Turkish actors Settar Tanrıöğen and Derya Alabora. It was produced by Independent Artists, a company founded by Aladag in 2005.When We Leave had its world premiere on 13 February 2010 at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival. It screened in the special Panorama section and was awarded the Europa Cinemas Label Prize. It began its German release on 11 March 2010.Reviewers called When We Leave “the strongest debut film in years” and gave special notice to the sensitive direction of the actors as well as the courage the film showed in addressing such heated subject matter.The film was awarded numerous national and international prizes, including seven nominations for the 2010 German Film Awards, in the categories Best Film, Best Debut Film, Best Screenplay, Best Actress, Best Cinematography, Best Editing and Best Score.[1]The film won two German Film Awards for Best Film in Bronze and Best Actress. It also won the LUX Film Prize for the Best European Film 2010, the New Faces Award (Best First Feature), the DEFA Board's Emerging Artists Prize (Best First Feature 2010), the Grand Prize for Best Film at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival as well as many others from film festivals including Ghent, São Paulo, and Calgary. When We Leave played at more than 100 film festivals worldwide, in 73 countries and on 6 continents. On 17 September 2010 the German selection committee chose When We Leave as its official entry in the competition for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[1]Contents1 Plot2 Cast3 Background4 Development5 Production and post-production6 Filming locations7 Critical reception8 Awards9 See also10 References11 External linksPlotUmay (Sibel Kekilli) lives with her husband Kemal (Ufuk Bayraktar) and son Cem (Nizam Schiller) in the suburbs of Istanbul. Kemal has regular violent outbursts against both his wife and son. Umay's longing for her home and parents in Berlin finally overwhelms her. She packs up her things and flees her life and marriage in Istanbul.She returns to her family home in Berlin, where she hopes to start a new, independent life with her son. She hopes her family will be supportive of her new beginning, but when Umay's father Kader (Setter Tanröigen) learns what Umay has done, he orders her to return immediately. According to tradition she belongs forever to her husband Kemal. Umay refuses to go and burns her passport. “Stop dreaming!” her mother tells her, as her siblings suffer rejection in their community based on their sister's actions.Mehmet, Umay's older brother (Tamer Yigit), and Kader devise a plan to kidnap young Cem and take him back to his father in Istanbul. Umay overhears them and flees to start a new life with her son, without her family. She moves to a women's shelter, where she builds a new life for herself. Through her work at a kitchen she meets Stipe (Florian Lukas), a colleague she feels drawn to.Soon she even has her own apartment and a satisfying new life. Only one thing is missing; her family. Again and again she tries to contact her mother and younger brother Acar. Every time she fails. During all of this, her father and brothers come to a difficult decision. Acar (Serhad Can) has earned a terrible fate; he's been elected to kill his beloved sister to restore his family's lost honor.CastSibel Kekilli as UmayNizam Schiller as CemDerya Alabora as HalymeSettar Tanriogen as KaderTamer Yigit as MehmetSerhad Can as AcarAlmila Bagriacik as RanaFlorian Lukas as StipeNursel Köse as GülAlwara Höfels as AtifeUfuk Bayraktar as KemalBlanca Apilánez as CarmenRosa Enskat as ManuelaAladag worked with an extremely diverse group of both trained and non-trained actors for the film, some of which came from street-casting sessions. Nizam Schiller (Cem), Almila Bagriacik (Rana) and Serhad Can (Acar) all made their screen debut in the film. Her own acting experience helped Aladag to individualize her approach to each actor in the film. All non-actors participated in an acting workshop which lasted several months, during which Aladag helped them learn from her experience in front of the camera.[2]BackgroundWhen We Leave was produced by Independent Artists in co-production with WDR, RBB and ARTE. It was supported by the Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg, the BKM, the NRW Film Board and the Kuratorium junger deutscher Film.[3]The film had its debut at the Berlin Film Festival. Afterwards it was released on 11 March 2010 throughout Germany by its German Distributor Majestic. The director supported the theatrical release with a Germany-wide Q&A tour. On 27 August 2010 Majestic Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray and DVD.[4]DevelopmentWhile directing PSAs for Amnesty International's “Violence Against Women” campaign, Aladag began researching themes related to domestic violence. Her research led her to a series of honor killings in Germany, mainly perpetrated against women who tried to free themselves from familial and social pressures.[5]She quickly became engrossed in her quest to understand the complex family dynamics that contribute to honor killings. Out of this passion came the desire to create a cinematic story that dealt with the fate of a young German woman of Turkish origins. Aladag researched for over two years and consulted with various experts on the issues involved. She researched police case files from the previous fifteen years and discovered similar patterns in them that helped her begin writing the screenplay.Aladag wanted to distill the conflicts she found in those documents in her screenplay. She wanted to create an emotional, authentic but also universal story, without moral judgments and with the goal of showing not only the conflict, but also to empathetically portray the tragedy of the situation.Production and post-productionProduction began on 15 July 2008 for what was to be a 39-day shoot. When We Leave was shot on 35mm in Cinemascope. Aladag worked closely with editor Andrea Mertens for four months at Cineimpuls, a post-production house in Berlin.[6]Filming locationsWhen We Leave was shot in Berlin and Turkey. For Aladag it was especially important to tell the story as authentically as possible, and she did extensive location scouting. Among the Berlin locations were the well-known clubs "SO36," and the "Monarch" bar in Kreuzberg.Interiors of the Aslan family home were shot on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin-Mitte, and the wedding scene was shot in the Neukölln district of Berlin. One particularly unique location was the former residence of the Ethiopian Ambassador in Pankow, which was used for the scenes in the women's shelter.Teufelsberg in West Berlin was the setting for Umay and Stipe's date. To maintain maximum authenticity, many important scenes were shot in Turkey, in the Kayseri Province as well as in Istanbul. Interiors for Kemal, the Turkish husband's family, were shot in the Istanbul suburb Dudullu, and the exteriors of Kader's journey to visit his father were shot in his home village of Kayseri.Critical receptionJoseph Smiegelski wrote in the Huffington Post that he "consider[ed] When We Leave one of the best movies I have ever seen. It is Bicycle Thief good, and the kind of movie I like the most: a simple yet meaningful story told without bells and whistles and with a small number of major characters. [It] is a remarkable artistic achievement. You must see this film."[7]Ray Bennett wrote in The Hollywood Reporter that When We Leave is "a universal story that will connect with audiences."[8]AwardsThe film won Best Narrative Feature at the 9th Tribeca Film Festival, Best Film at the 37th Ghent Film Festival in Belgium, the European Parliament's Lux Prize, and was selected as the German entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards,[9][10][11][12] but it didn't make the final shortlist.[13]
